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dc.contributor.advisorAnke, Audny
dc.contributor.authorMichalsen, Henriette
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-28T07:39:08Z
dc.date.available2024-05-28T07:39:08Z
dc.date.issued2024-06-11
dc.description.abstractThis thesis focuses on participation in physical activity among adults with intellectual disabilities. The aim is to explore motivation, the use of mobile health applications, and identify barriers to participation in physical activity. The thesis sought to understand why some individuals engage in physical activity while others do not, and how technology can help increase activity levels. In the first study, motivation for physical activity was explored through focus group interviews and individual interviews with healthcare professionals and family members. Motivation was categorized into individual, contextual, and interaction motivation. Individual motivation revolves around enjoyment, social rewards, and health awareness. Contextual motivation includes support from the environment and resource availability. Interaction motivation involves engaging in activities together, predictability, and positive reinforcement during activities. The second study followed nine participants with low activity levels in a pilot study. They used activity monitors and mobile health apps to set and achieve physical activity goals. Most participants achieved their goals, and the mobile app was well-received. Some participants also significantly increased their activity levels. However, there were challenges associated with the use of activity monitors, such as rashes and lack of motivation. In the third study, barriers to physical activity were identified through questionnaires. Barriers significantly associated with sedentary behavior included wheelchair use, severity of intellectual disability, inability to use public transport, access to activities at day centers, and health problems. The conclusion of the thesis emphasizes the importance of supportive interaction between individuals with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers to promote motivation for physical activity. The use of mobile health apps and activity monitors appears to be promising tools, but further research and greater engagement from staff are needed. Identified barriers must also be addressed to develop effective health interventions, such as facilitating activities at day centers and improving access to public facilities.en_US
dc.description.abstractDenne avhandlingen fokuserer på deltakelse i fysisk aktivitet blant voksne med utviklingshemming. Målet er å utforske motivasjon, bruk av mobile helseapper og identifisere barrierer for deltakelse i fysisk aktivitet. Avhandlingen vil forstå hvorfor noen deltar i fysisk aktivitet mens andre ikke gjør det, og hvordan teknologi kan hjelpe til med å øke aktivitetsnivået. I den første studien ble motivasjon for fysisk aktivitet utforsket gjennom fokusgruppeintervjuer og individuelle intervjuer med helsepersonell og familiemedlemmer. Motivasjon ble delt inn i individuell, kontekstuell og interaksjonsmotivasjon. Individuell motivasjon handler om glede, sosiale belønninger og helsebevissthet. Kontekstuell motivasjon inkluderer støtte fra omgivelsene og tilgjengelighet av ressurser. Interaksjonsmotivasjonen dreier seg om å gjøre aktiviteter sammen, forutsigbarhet og positiv forsterkning under aktivitetene. I den andre studien ble ni deltakere med lavt aktivitetsnivå fulgt i en pilotstudie. De brukte aktivitetsmålere og mobile helseapper for å sette og nå mål for fysisk aktivitet. De fleste deltakerne oppnådde sine mål, og mobilappen ble godt mottatt. Noen deltakere økte også sitt aktivitetsnivå betydelig. Åtte av ni deltakere hadde måloppnåelse for sine mål på fysisk aktivitet. Likevel var det utfordringer knyttet til bruken av aktivitetsmålere, som utslett og manglende motivasjon. I den tredje studien ble barrierer for fysisk aktivitet identifisert gjennom spørreskjemaer. Barrierer som var signifikant assosiert med stillesittende atferd var bruk av rullestol, alvorlighetsgraden av utviklingshemming, manglende evne til å bruke offentlig transport, tilgang til aktiviteter på dagsenter og helseproblemer signifikante faktorer som påvirket aktivitetsnivået. Konklusjonen av avhandlingen peker på viktigheten av støttende samspill mellom personer med utviklingshemming og deres omsorgspersoner for å fremme motivasjon for fysisk aktivitet. Bruk av mobile helseapper og aktivitetsmålere viser seg å være lovende verktøy, men det er behov for ytterligere forskning og større engasjement fra personalet. Identifiserte barrierer må også adresseres for å utvikle effektive helseintervensjoner, for eksempel ved å tilrettelegge aktiviteter på dagsentre og forbedre tilgangen til offentlige fasiliteter.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractThis thesis examines how motivation, barriers and the use of apps affect participation in physical activity among adults with intellectual disabilities. Through focus groups and interviews, motivation for participation in physical activity was explored. The results showed three themes: individual, contextual and interaction motivation. An innovative pilot study using mixed methods tested mHealth physical activity apps. The results show good feasibility and satisfaction with the apps, but with some challenges with measuring activity. A cross-sectional study identified barriers to participation, with findings that access to activities at a day centre, use of public transport and use of wheelchairs are barriers. The dissertation emphasizes the importance of supportive interactions between people with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers in promoting motivation for physical activity participation, the potential of mobile health apps for physical activity, and the need to address barriers to improving quality of life for this group.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe studies of this thesis has been conducted with grants from the Northern Norway Regional Health Authority (grant number HNF1353-17).en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/33635
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper I: Michalsen, H., Wangberg, S.C., Anke, A., Hartvigsen, G., Jaccheri, L. & Arntzen, C. (2020). Family members and health care workers’ perspectives on motivational factors of participation in physical activity for people with intellectual disability: A qualitative study. <i>Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64</i>(4), 259–270. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20232>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20232</a>. <p>Paper II: Michalsen, H., Henriksen, A., Pettersen, G., Hartvigsen, G., Wangberg, S., Thrane, G., Jahnsen, R. & Anke, A. (2023). Using mobile health to encourage physical activity in individuals with intellectual disability: A pilot mixed methods feasibility study. <i>Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 4</i>, 1225641. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/30428>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/30428</a>. <p>Paper III: Michalsen, H., Henriksen, A., Hartvigsen, G., Olsen, M.I., Pedersen, E.R., Søndenaa, E., Jahnsen, R.B., & Anke, A. (2024). Barriers to physical activity participation for adults with intellectual disability: A cross-sectional study. (Manuscript). Now published in the <i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 37</i>(4), e13242, 2024, available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/33503>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/33503</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectPhysical activityen_US
dc.subjectMotivationen_US
dc.subjectmHealth applicationsen_US
dc.subjectBarriersen_US
dc.titleEncouraging participation in physical activity for individuals with intellectual disability: motivational factors, barriers, and mHealth applicationsen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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