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norskInstitutt for medisinsk biologi: Recent submissions
Now showing items 161-180 of 1154
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Characteristics of hepatitis C virus resistance in an international cohort after a decade of direct-acting antivirals
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-24)Background & Aims: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens provide a cure in >95% of patients with chronic HCV infection. However, in some patients in whom therapy fails, resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) can develop, limiting retreatment options and risking onward resistant virus transmission. In this study, we evaluated RAS prevalence and distribution, including novel NS5A RASs and ... -
From fixed-dried to wet-fixed to live-comparative super-resolution microscopy of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-20)Fenestrations in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are transcellular nanopores of 50–350 nm diameter that facilitate bidirectional transport of solutes and macromolecules between the bloodstream and the parenchyma of the liver. Liver diseases, ageing, and various substances such as nicotine or ethanol can negatively influence LSECs fenestrations and lead to defenestration. Over the years, ... -
Disassembly and Mislocalization of AQP4 in Incipient Scar Formation after Experimental Stroke
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-20)There is an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms involved in scar formation in the brain. It is well known that astrocytes are critically engaged in this process. Here, we analyze incipient scar formation one week after a discrete ischemic insult to the cerebral cortex. We show that the infarct border zone is characterized by pronounced changes in the organization and subcellular ... -
AXL inhibition improves BRAF-targeted treatment in melanoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022)More than half of metastatic melanoma patients receiving standard therapy fail to achieve a long-term survival due to primary and/or acquired resistance. Tumor cell ability to switch from epithelial to a more aggressive mesenchymal phenotype, attributed with AXL<sup>high</sup> molecular profle in melanoma, has been recently linked to such event, limiting treatment efcacy. In the current study, ... -
Supplementation with a probiotic mixture accelerates gut microbiome maturation and reduces intestinal inflammation in extremely preterm infants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-11)Probiotics are increasingly administered to premature infants to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis and neonatal sepsis. However, their effects on gut microbiome assembly and immunity are poorly understood. Using a randomized intervention trial in extremely premature infants, we tested the effects of a probiotic product containing four strains of Bifidobacterium species autochthonous to the infant ... -
Blood Transcriptome Analysis of Septic Patients Reveals a Long Non-Coding Alu-RNA in the Complement C5a Receptor 1 Gene
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-29)Many severe inflammation conditions are complement-dependent with the complement component C5a-C5aR1 axis as an important driver. At the RNA level, the blood transcriptome undergoes programmed expression of coding and long non-coding RNAs to combat invading microorganisms. Understanding the expression of long non-coding RNAs containing Alu elements in inflammation is important for reconstructing ... -
Functional Domains of the Early Proteins and Experimental and Epidemiological Studies Suggest a Role for the Novel Human Polyomaviruses in Cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-18)As their name indicates, polyomaviruses (PyVs) can induce tumors. Mouse PyV, hamster PyV and raccoon PyV have been shown to cause tumors in their natural host. During the last 30 years, 15 PyVs have been isolated from humans. From these, Merkel cell PyV is classified as a Group 2A carcinogenic pathogen (probably carcinogenic to humans), whereas BKPyV and JCPyV are class 2B (possibly carcinogenic ... -
Oral health related quality of life in long-term survivors of head and neck cancer compared to a general population from the seventh Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-30)Background: Both the incidence and survival rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) is increasing, making quality of life of HNC survivors an important issue.<p> <p>Methods: In this cross-sectional study we compared the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of long-term HNC survivors to that of a general population cohort from the seventh survey of the Tromsø study with the Oral Impact on Daily ... -
Non-Invasive Methods for Detection of Genetic Abnormalities in Human Embryos Cell-Free DNA Secreted from Human Embryos as an Alternative to DNA from Cell Biopsies for Genetic Analyses
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-05-15)Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the main causes of implantation failure following embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) is time-consuming, expensive, and invasive. Non-invasive PGT-A (niPGT-A) is an alternative where secreted embryonic cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in spent culture medium (SCM) is investigated. This study aimed to ... -
The Hematology of Tomorrow Is Here-Preclinical Models Are Not: Cell Therapy for Hematological Malignancies
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-24)The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge on the clinical use of several forms of cell therapy in hematological malignancies and the preclinical models available for their study. In the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants, mesenchymal stromal cells are pursued to help stem cell engraftment and expansion, and control graft versus host disease. We further ... -
Exercise training combined with calanus oil supplementation improves the central cardiodynamic function in older women
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-29)The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of exercise training (ET) with omega-3/Calanus oil supplementation on cardiorespiratory and adiposity parameters in elderly women. Fifty-five women (BMI: 19–37 kg/m<sup>2</sup> , 62–80 years old) were recruited and randomly assigned to the 4 month intervention with ET and omega-3 supplementation (Calanus oil, ET-Calanus) ... -
Novel chemical-physical autopsy investigation in sudden infant death and sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndromes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-08)Aim: Verify the presence of inorganic nanoparticle entities in brain tissue samples from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)/sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) cases. The presence of inorganic debris could be a cofactor that compromises proper brain tissue functionality. Materials & methods: A novel autopsy approach that consists of neuropathological analysis procedures ... -
Blood Transcriptome Analysis of Septic Patients Reveals a Long Non-Coding Alu-RNA in the Complement C5a Receptor 1 Gene
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-29)Many severe inflammation conditions are complement-dependent with the complement component C5a-C5aR1 axis as an important driver. At the RNA level, the blood transcriptome undergoes programmed expression of coding and long non-coding RNAs to combat invading microorganisms. Understanding the expression of long non-coding RNAs containing Alu elements in inflammation is important for reconstructing ... -
Bisphenol A replacement chemicals, BPF and BPS, induce protumorigenic changes in human mammary gland organoid morphology and proteome
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-09)Environmental chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) are thought to contribute to carcinogenesis through their endocrine-disrupting properties. Due to accumulating evidence about negative human health effects, BPA is being phased out, but in parallel, exposures to replacement chemicals such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are increasing. Little is known about their biologic effects, but ... -
Protocol for Isolation and Culture of Mouse Hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer Cells (KCs), and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (LSECs) in Analyses of Hepatic Drug Distribution
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-02-25)Development of the new generation of drugs (e.g., oligo- and polynucleotides administered intravascularly either as free compounds or as nano-formulations) frequently encounters major challenges such as lack of control of targeting and/or delivery. Uncontrolled or unwanted clearance by the liver is a well-known and particularly important hurdle in this respect. Hence, reliable techniques are needed ... -
Lulworthinone: In Vitro Mode of Action Investigation of an Antibacterial Dimeric Naphthopyrone Isolated from a Marine Fungus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-21)Treatment options for infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are rendered ineffective, and drug alternatives are needed—either from new chemical classes or drugs with new modes of action. Historically, natural products have been important contributors to drug discovery. In a recent study, the dimeric naphthopyrone lulworthinone produced by an obligate marine fungus in the family ... -
Modulation of high affinity ATP-dependent cyclic nucleotide transporters by specific and non-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-11-07)Intracellular cyclic nucleotides are eliminated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and by ATP Binding cassette transporters such as ABCC4 and ABCC5. PDE5 and ABCC5 have similar affinity for cGMP whereas ABCC5 has much higher affinity for cGMP compared with cAMP. Since the substrate (cGMP) is identical for these two eliminatory processes it is conceivable that various PDE inhibitors also modulate ... -
Degradation of arouser by endosomal microautophagy is essential for adaptation to starvation in Drosophila
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-14)Hunger drives food-seeking behaviour and controls adaptation of organisms to nutrient availability and energy stores. Lipids constitute an essential source of energy in the cell that can be mobilised during fasting by autophagy. Selective degradation of proteins by autophagy is made possible essentially by the presence of LIR and KFERQ-like motifs. Using in silico screening of Drosophila ... -
The role of OAT2 (SLC22A7) in the cyclic nucleotide biokinetics of human erythrocytes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-12-15) -
Gene Expression, Function and Ischemia Tolerance in Male and Female Rat Hearts After Sub-Toxic Levels of Angiotensin II
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010-12-19)To examine the response to chronic high-dose angiotensin II (Ang II) and a proposed milder response in female hearts with respect to gene expression and ischemic injury. Female and male litter–matched rats were treated with 400 ng kg<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> Ang II for 14 days. Hearts were isolated, subjected to 30-min ischemia and 30-min reperfusion in combination with functional monitoring ...
