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norskInstitutt for medisinsk biologi: Recent submissions
Now showing items 341-360 of 1200
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Gastrointestinal carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a general adult population: a cross-sectional study of risk factors and bacterial genomic diversity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-28)Antibiotic resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a leading public health threat and gastrointestinal carriage is an established risk factor for subsequent infections during hospitalization. Our study contributes new knowledge of risk factors for gastrointestinal carriage and the genomic population structure of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> colonizing humans in a representative sample of a general population ... -
Proteomic analyses identify major vault protein as a prognostic biomarker for fatal prostate cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-20)The demographic shift toward an older population will increase the number of prostate cancer cases. A challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer is to avoid undertreatment of patients at high risk of progression following curative treatment. These men can benefit from early salvage treatment. An explorative cohort consisting of tissue from 16 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, and were ... -
Spatial differentiation of metabolism in prostate cancer tissue by MALDI-TOF MSI
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-29)Background - Prostate cancer tissues are inherently heterogeneous, which presents a challenge for metabolic profiling using traditional bulk analysis methods that produce an averaged profile. The aim of this study was therefore to spatially detect metabolites and lipids on prostate tissue sections by using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a method that facilitates molecular imaging of heterogeneous ... -
The Regulatory Relationship between E2F4 and MiRNA-363, and it’s Relevance to Oral Cancer
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-08-14)BACKGROUND Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer and persists a leading cause of cancer associated mortality and morbidity universally. Survival rate is still poor at less than 50% urging the need for biomarkers to allow better diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies. In this study we focus on E2F4, a repressor of cell cycle, and further propose ... -
Novel genomic islands and a new vanDsubtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-23)Background - Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent several types of transferable vancomycin resistance gene clusters. The vanD type, associated with moderate to high level vancomycin resistance, has only sporadically been described in clinical isolates. The aim of this study was to perform a genetic characterization of the first VanD-type VRE strains detected in Norway.<p> <p>Methods ... -
Quantum Dot Nanomedicine Formulations Dramatically Improve Pharmacological Properties and Alter Uptake Pathways of Metformin and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Aging Mice
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-24)Orally administered Ag<sub>2</sub>S quantum dots (QDs) rapidly cross the small intestine and are taken up by the liver. Metformin and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) target metabolic and aging processes within the liver. This study examined the pharmacology and toxicology of QD-based nanomedicines as carriers of metformin and NMN in young and old mice, determining if their therapeutic potency and ... -
Inhibition of bacterial and human zinc-metalloproteases by bisphosphonate- and catechol-containing compounds
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-23)Compounds containg catechol or bisphosphonate were tested as inhibitors of the zinc metalloproteases, thermolysin (TLN), pseudolysin (PLN) and aureolysin (ALN) which are bacterial virulence factors, and the human matrix metalloproteases MMP-9 and −14. Inhibition of virulence is a putative strategy in the development of antibacterial drugs, but the inhibitors should not interfere with human enzymes. ... -
Nephronectin as a matrix effector in cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-25)The extracellular matrix protein nephronectin plays an important regulatory role during embryonic development, controlling renal organogenesis through integrin α8β1 association. Nephronectin has three main domains: five N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domains, a linker region harbouring two integrin-binding motifs (RGD and LFEIFEIER), and a C-terminal MAM domain. In this review, we look into ... -
Time trends of perfluoroalkyl substances in blood in 30-year old Norwegian men and women in the period 1986–2007
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-11)Biomonitoring studies are helpful tools and can increase our knowledge on time trends in human blood concentrations of PFASs: how they relate to emission trends and the potential prenatal exposure for future generations. In this study, serum was sampled in cross-sections of men and women who were 30 years old in each of the years 1986, 1994, 2001, and 2007 in Northern Norway and analyzed for 23 ... -
Evaluation of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus DNA in Tissue Samples from italian Patients With Diagnosis of MCC
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-05)Because the incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has increased significantly during the last 10 years and it is recognized that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation represent two different etiological inputs sharing clinical, histopathological, and prognostic similar features, although with different prognosis, this study investigated the detection of MCPyV in skin and ... -
High prevalence of multidrug resistant ESBL- and plasmid mediated AmpC-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-06)Background: Epidemiological data of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in Sub-Saharan Africa is still restricted,and in particular in Mozambique. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) - and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), a 1000-bed reference hospital in Maputo, ... -
Real-life evaluation of histologic scores for Ulcerative Colitis in remission
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-08)Background - Histological evaluation of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients has been debated ever since the first description of the disease and its role in follow-up has never been fully established. Recent evidence suggests an added benefit in accuracy when evaluating if the patient is in remission. Unfortunately, there are several different histological indices, and it is difficult to compare outcomes ... -
KI and WU Polyomavirus in Respiratory Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-09)Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic. Our goal was to determine whether co-infections with respiratory polyomaviruses, such as Karolinska Institutet polyomavirus (KIPyV) and Washington University polyomavirus (WUPyV) occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Oropharyngeal swabs from 150 individuals, 112 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 38 ... -
Neuroinflammatory processes are augmented in mice overexpressing human heat-shock protein B1 following ethanol-induced brain injury
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-10)Background - Heat-shock protein B1 (HSPB1) is among the most well-known and versatile member of the evolutionarily conserved family of small heat-shock proteins. It has been implicated to serve a neuroprotective role against various neurological disorders via its modulatory activity on inflammation, yet its exact role in neuroinflammation is poorly understood. In order to shed light on the exact ... -
Transcriptome profiling of staphylococcus aureus associated extracellular vesicles reveals presence of small RNA-cargo
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-13)Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a vital role in bacterial pathogenesis. However, to date, the small RNA-cargo of EVs released by the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has not been characterized. Here, we shed light on the association of small RNAs with EVs secreted by S. aureus MSSA476 cultured in iron-depleted bacteriologic media supplemented with a subinhibitory dosage of ... -
Optimization of the use of PrepFiler Express™ Forensic DNA extraction kit lysis buffer discard for mRNA profiling
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-06-01)mRNA profiling for body fluid or tissue type identification is able to provide circumstantial information alongside DNA profiles from biological material found at a crime scene. To solve the challenge of material limitation in body fluid identification, studies have successfully developed mRNA profiles of RNA extracted from lysis buffer discard of DNA-extraction. It would be interesting to examine ... -
High Palmitate Alters Glutathione Redox During Severe Oxidant Stress in the Heart; An Evaluation of Altered Glutathione Redox Environment on Cardiac Function and Mitochondrial Energetics.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-18)When the heart is under stress, e.g. ischemia-reperfusion (IR), it produces an enormous amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione, which is an endogenous antioxidant derived from the ‘nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen’ (NADH) of the ‘tricarboxylic acid’ cycle, can fight against this oxidative stress to balance the redox environment, and convert the produced ROS to H2O. In this ... -
Biodistribution of Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles in Mice and Effect on Tumor Infiltration of Macrophages into a Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Xenograft
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-28)We have investigated the biodistribution and tumor macrophage infiltration after intravenous injection of the poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (NPs): PEBCA (poly(2-ethyl-butyl cyanoacrylate), PBCA (poly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate), and POCA (poly(octyl cyanoacrylate), in mice. These NPs are structurally similar, have similar PEGylation, and have previously been shown to give large variations in ... -
Phosphorylation of the LIR Domain of SCOC Modulates ATG8 Binding Affinity and Specificity
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-24)<p>Autophagy is a highly conserved degradative pathway, essential for cellular homeostasis and implicated in diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. Autophagy-related 8 (ATG8) proteins play a central role in autophagosome formation and selective delivery of cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes by recruiting autophagy adaptors and receptors. The LC3-interacting region (LIR) docking site (LDS) of ... -
A study on the interactions between perfluorosulfonic acids and P-glycoprotein
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-18)Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have received a great deal of attention due to the ubiquitous occurrence and persistence in the environment, resistance to degradation, and biological accumulation in wildlife and humans. PFAS are being detected around the globe, raising concerns regarding the toxicity and health risks to humans. Studies have shown that environmental toxicants, including PFAS, can ...
