Institutt for medisinsk biologi: Recent submissions
Now showing items 361-380 of 1154
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The Marine Natural Product Mimic MHP88 Shows Anticancer Activity and has the Potential to Cause Immunogenic Cell Death
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2020-03)The marine natural product mimic MHP 88 is a novel synthetic molecule based on unique structures found in molecules from an arctic marine bryozoan. Initial studies showed that MHP88 kills cancer cells efficiently, but is not hemolytic. In this study, we look closer at the mode of death induced by MHP88 in oral cancer (HSC-3) and lymphoma (Ramos) cell lines. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a mode of ... -
Dynamic expression of VDR and 1-alpha-hydroxylase in differentiated and re-differentiated human articular chondrocytes
(Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2016-09)<p><i>Purpose:</i> The goal was to investigate potential roles played by vitamin D in the regulation of joint cartilage biology. We studied the expression of two central elements of vitamin D metabolism, namely the vitamin D receptor and its converting enzyme 1αhydroxylase in human knee cartilage and chondrocytes. <p><i>Methods and Materials:</i> Expression of receptor and enzyme was determined ... -
Reimagining Global Oncology Clinical Trials for the Postpandemic Era: A Call to Arms
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-09-08)The process of developing new anticancer therapeutics has been considered by some to be expensive, time consuming, bureaucratic, and, to some extent, inefficient. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected clinical oncology studies and underlined the need to embrace and accelerate long-pending and awaited reforms to cancer clinical trial methodology.<p><p> This ... -
The GABAB Receptor - Structure, Ligand Binding and Drug Development
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-07)The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor (GABA<sub>B</sub-R) belongs to class C of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Together with the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor, the receptor mediates the neurotransmission of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). In recent decades, the receptor has been extensively studied with the intention being to understand ... -
The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, NO and H2S in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-05-08)Redox signalling in mitochondria plays an important role in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in cardioprotection. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) modify cellular structures and functions by means of covalent changes in proteins including among others S‐nitros(yl)ation by nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives, and S‐sulphydration by hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S). ... -
Horizontal plasmid transfer among klebsiella pneumoniae isolates is the key factor for dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamases among children in Tanzania
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-15)Increased knowledge about the role of horizontal gene transfer is key to improve our understanding of the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human populations. We therefore studied the dissemination of the <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-15</sub> extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) gene in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates obtained from stool samples from hospitalized children and healthy controls ... -
Chlorhexidine compounds in cosmetic products Risk assessment of antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance development in microorganisms
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2010-04-15)Chlorhexidine and its salts are reported as being used in cosmetics as an active ingredient to give the desired effect or as a preservative in concentrations of up to 0.3 %. Such products include mouthwashes, hair dying and bleaching formulations, shampoos, anti hair “aging” products and exfoliants, body lotions, eye creams, face cleansers, sun cream, after-sun lotions, ... -
Assessment of benefits and risks of probiotics in baby foods Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12.
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2010-05-14)The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) has appointed an ad hoc-group of experts to answer a request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority regarding benefit and risk assessment of B. lactis Bb12 in baby foods focusing on the age groups 4-6 months, 6-12 months and 1-3 years. This assessment is based on the literature provided by the notifier as well as that found by a MEDLINE search. -
Risk assessment on use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) as an ingredient in infant formula and baby foods (II)
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2007-06-15)On 10. March 2006 , The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet) decided that, on the basis of VKM’s previous risk assessment (2005), Nutramigen 1 with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could not be marketed in Norway as medical foods for infants (0-4 months). In addition, The Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet) decided (08. November ... -
Oppdatert risikovurdering – introduksjon av høypatogent aviært influensavirus til Norge våren 2007
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2007-02-15)VKM ga i 2006 to risikovurderinger vedrørende introduksjon av høypatogent aviært influensavirus til Norge. Den foreliggende vurderingen er en oppdatering av disse vurderingene og besvarer spørsmål om risiko i ulike situasjoner i Norge våren 2007. -
Risikovurdering; import og spredning av tarmpatogene bakterier med krydder og urter
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2007-09-26)Forbruket av krydder i Norge øker og ligger per i dag på vel ½ kg per person og år (2006). Forbruket hos oss er imidlertid fortsatt langt lavere enn i enkelte andre industriland (eksempelvis USA med et forbruk på 1,6 kilo per person og år) og vil derfor sannsynligvis fortsatt øke ganske betydelig. Også antall ulike kryddertyper øker, parallelt med økende interesse for ”eksotisk” (ikke minst asiatisk) ... -
Salmonella diarizonae hos dyr i Norge. Konsekvenser for dyr og mennesker.
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2008-09-09)S. diarizonae er et subspecies av Salmonella som påvises endemisk hos sau i enkelte regioner i Norge. Det er derfor stilt spørsmål om mikrobens potensielle og reelle betydning for både folke- og dyrehelsen. Det er også stilt spørsmål ved påstanden om at Norge har en tilnærmet salmonella-fri husdyrpopulasjon kan forsvares når S. diarizonae påvises relativt ofte hos sau i Norge i dag. Mattilsynet har ... -
Risk assessment on the use of triclosan in cosmetics; Development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria - II. Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2007-02)Den Europa kommisjonens vitenskapskomité for forbruksvarer (SCCP) konkluderte 10. oktober 2006 med at det på grunnlag av tilgjengelige data ikke er funnet bevis for at triklosan i kosmetiske produkter kan føre til resistens – eller kryssresistensutvikling hos bakterier. Til tross for at en slik sammenheng kan være sannsynlig, finnes det ikke god dokumentasjon.<p><p> Siden denne konklusjonen ikke ... -
Offshore telementored ultrasound: a quality assessment study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-02)<p><i>Background - </i>Telementored ultrasound (US) connects experts to novices through various types of communication and network technologies with the overall aim to bridge the medical imaging gap between patients’ diagnostic needs and on-site user experience. The recurrent theme in previous research on remote telementored US is the limited access to US machines and experienced users. This study ... -
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Merkel Cell Carcinoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-03)Viruses are the cause of approximately 15% of all human cancers. Both RNA and DNA human tumor viruses have been identified, with Merkel cell polyomavirus being the most recent one to be linked to cancer. This virus is associated with about 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas, a rare, but aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Despite its name, the cells of origin of this tumor may not be Merkel cells. This ... -
Leukemia Stem Cell Release From the Stem Cell Niche to Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-09)Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous, complex, and deadly disease, whose treatment has hardly evolved for decades and grounds on the use of intensive chemotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy helps reduce AML bulk, but promotes relapse in the long-run by selection of chemoresistant leukemia stem cells (LSC). These may diversify and result in progression to more aggressive forms of AML. <i>In ... -
A combined histo-score based on tumor differentiation and lymphocytic infiltrate is a robust prognostic marker for mobile tongue cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-06-30)We wanted to evaluate the prognostic value of common histopathological variables in a large cohort of patients with cancer in the mobile tongue as such information can be important for treatment stratification of the individual patient, especially for patients with low-stage disease. In addition, we wanted to investigate whether an alternative scoring model with fewer options would compromise the ... -
Nephronectin promotes breast cancer brain metastatic colonization via its integrin-binding domains
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-22)This study demonstrates a role for the extracellular matrix protein nephronectin (NPNT) in promoting experimental breast cancer brain metastasis, possibly through enhanced binding to- and migration through brain endothelial cells. With the introduction of more targeted breast cancer treatments, a prolonged survival has resulted during the last decade. Consequently, an increased number of patients ... -
Dekontaminering av pattedyrslakt ved bruk av damp eller varmt vann. Uttalelse fra Faggruppe for hygiene og smittestoffer i Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2010-04-15)Mattilsynet har gitt VKM i oppgave å foreta en risikovurdering når det gjelder ”dekontaminering av pattedyrslakt ved bruk av varmt vann eller damp”. Da det er en bestemtdekontamineringsteknologi Mattilsynet ønsker utredet, velger faggruppen å bruke den mer presise betegnelsen ”overflatepasteurisering av slakt” som er i tråd med uttrykk og definisjoner som forskere innenfor dette området har benyttet ... -
Risk assessment of import and dissemination of intestinal pathogenic bacteria via fresh herbs and leafy vegetables from South-East Asia. Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2008-06)Several studies have demonstrated that fresh herbs and green or leafy vegetables can be contaminated by intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Although systematic surveys are probably not conducted in any countries some places, in recent years the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has received approximately 30 alerts annually on the detection of potentially pathogenic ...