Indigenous Health and Climate Change - A scoping review on climate-health outcomes for First Nations in Canada

Abstract

Indigenous populations in Canada are generally categorized as vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Despite this, research is lacking in terms of location- and populations-specific data on how climate change affects their health. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review to explore the impact of climate change on the health of First Nations communities in Canada. Our study also investigated how climate change influences the Inverse Care Law (ICL) in relation to First Nations' health. We utilized a scoping review methodology, searching 4 databases to explore the theme of this thesis. Our approach to understanding health was framed through an "Indigenous lens," encompassing not only physical and mental health perspectives but also spiritual and community health considerations. The generated literature was numerically and thematically analyzed. Our findings reveal that climate change exacerbates existing health disparities among First Nations, impacting traditional activities, diet, finances, cultural identity, and mental well-being. This exacerbation deepens the burden of lifestyle-related diseases exacerbates health disparities through perpetuating and/or exacerbating the Inverse Care Law (ICL). The analysis also looks at the importance of incorporating Indigenous-specific health indicators for understanding and addressing these multifaceted impacts. We also recognize the dual characterization of First Nations as vulnerable yet resilient. While climate change poses significant threats, communities demonstrate adaptive capacity and Indigenous Health and Climate Change resilience. However, the label of vulnerability can have negative connotations, potentially undermining autonomy and self-determination. Our research identifies significant knowledge gaps, particularly regarding gendered perspectives. Additionally, research on First Nations in the Prairie region remains limited, emphasizing the need for more inclusive studies. The small number of eligible studies also highlight the need for continued focus on the theme of this thesis. In conclusion, our study underscores the complex and interconnected impacts of climate change on First Nations' health. Holistic and culturally sensitive approaches to health measurement and intervention are essential. Addressing knowledge gaps and including diverse perspectives are crucial for mitigating the health impacts of climate change on Indigenous populations and supporting their journey towards greater health equity and self determination