<i>Introduction</i>: HIV and tuberculosis (TB) remain leading causes of preventable death in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HIV testing for all individuals with TB symptoms, but implementation has been suboptimal. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analyses to estimate HIV and TB prevalence, and short-term (two to six months) ...

High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been associated with weight gain and chronic disease. The objective of this paper was to study the intake of SSB and characteristics associated with SSB intake in adolescents from Troms, Norway. We present results from a cross-sectional analysis from the Tromsø Study: <i>Fit Futures</i>, with 426 female and 444 male students aged 15–17 years (93% ...

Objective: The purpose of this thesis is to identify and investigate risk factors associated with childhood leukemia, formulated by the research question: Which risk factors are associated with parental exposure and childhood leukemia in the offspring? Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in three databases Embase, Medline and Cochrane. The articles found were selected and included ...

<p><i>Background - </i>Although choline metabolism has been associated with atherosclerotic heart disease, less research attention has been paid to the associations of choline and its oxidative metabolite betaine with cardiac arrhythmias. <p><i>Methods and Results - </i>We evaluated associations of plasma concentrations and dietary intakes of choline and betaine with long-term atrial fibrillation ...

<p><i>Background</i>: Telemedicine consultations using real-time videoconferencing has the potential to improve access and quality of care, avoid patient travels, and reduce health care costs.</p> <p><i>Objective</i>: The aim of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of an orthopedic videoconferencing service between the University Hospital of North Norway and a regional medical center ...

<p><i>Background:</i> Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common oral diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. These diseases are highly preventable; therefore any measures that promote oral health (OH) should be implemented at the community and individual level. Although programmes designed to prevent OH problems often focus on children, young adults aged 18-25 years are ...

<i>Background</i>: Death rates from cardiovascular disease in Russia are among the highest in the world. In recent years, the Russian government has invested substantially in the healthcare system, with a particular focus on improving access to advanced technology, especially for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This protocol describes a study to understand the management of AMI in different Russian ...

<p><i>Background</i>: Positive association between body weight and bone mass is well established, and the concept of body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and reduced fracture risk. BMI, that comprises both fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) may contribute to peak bone mass achievement in different ways. This study explored the influence of body composition ...

This study sought to evaluate the in utero exposure to aluminum and status of selected trace elements in South African women at delivery since aluminum is known to be toxic in all developmental stages even at low concentrations. Serum aluminum was negatively correlated with aluminum in urine, both uncorrected and corrected for creatinine, which suggests the retention of aluminum in body stores. ...

<p><i>Background</i>: The prison situations are notorious for causing interruptions of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and occurrence of unfavorable outcomes. In Ethiopian prisons, though TB treatment programs exist, treatment outcome results and factors contributing to unsuccessful outcome are not well documented. In this study, we assessed the treatment outcome of TB cases and identified risk factors ...