Institutt for samfunnsmedisin: Recent submissions

Now showing items 1861-1880 of 1899

    • To make a difference - how GPs conceive consultation outcomes : a phenomenographic study 

      Rudebeck, Carl-Edvard; Andén, Annika; Andersson, Sven-Olof (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2009-01-16)
      Background: Outcomes from GPs' consultations have been measured mainly with disease specific measures and with patient questionnaires about health, satisfaction, enablement and quality. The aim of this study was to explore GPs' conceptions of consultation outcomes. <br> Methods: Interviews with 17 GPs in groups and individually about consultation outcomes from recently performed consultations ...

    • May antihistone antibodies replace antinuclear antibodies (ANA) as a predictor of uveitis in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis? 

      Songstad, Nils Thomas; Nordal, Ellen Berit; Berntson, L.; Straume, Bjørn; Rygg, M. (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2008-09-15)

    • Green tea (Camellia sinensis) and cancer prevention : a systematic review of randomized trials and epidemiological studies 

      Xing, Jianmin; Liu, Jianping; Fei, Yutong (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008-10-22)
      Background: Green tea is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. This review summarizes the beneficial effects of green tea on cancer prevention. <br> Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed (1966–2008), the Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2008) and Chinese Biomedical Database (1978–2008) with supplement of relevant websites, were searched. There was no language restriction. The searches ...

    • Gir utdanning lavere diabetes-prevalens og lavere nivå av glykosylert hemoglobin (HbA1C)? En tverrsnittsstudie fra Tromsøundersøkelse IV 1994/ 95. 

      Strand, Robert (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-06)
      Sammendrag Bakgrunn: De fleste som har diabetes i Norge har diabetes type 2. Antall personer med denne sykdommen forventes å øke. Overvekt, fysisk inaktivitet og usunne vaner øker risikoen for diabetes. Diabetes og dens relevante risikofaktorer følger en sosial gradient hvor de med lavest utdanning har høyest risiko. Materiale og metode: Data i oppgaven er hentet fra Tromsøundersøkelse IV, og ...

    • The Telemark Meningococcal Project 1987-2007. Twenty years experience of preventing secondary cases of meningococcal disease by identification and erdication of the disease-causing strain of Neisseria meningitidis in close contacts of patients with primary meningococcal disease 

      Kristiansen, Bjørn Erik (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-06-15)
      Once meningococcal disease occurs, the infection may spread leading to one or more secondary cases. The Telemark Meningococcal Project was initiated in 1987 to prevent secondary cases. By culture of throat samples from close contacts, meningococci were identified, and identity with the disease-causing strain from the patient was determined by DNA based typing techniques. Contacts carrying the ...

    • Aktivitet, rus og psykiske lidelser : en studie av pasienter ved Rus og spesialpsykiatrisk klinikk ved Universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge 

      Wynn, Trude Nydal (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-12-01)
      Denne oppgaven ser på om det finnes sammenhenger mellom psykiske symptomer, type rusbruk, ulike demografiske data opp mot valg av aktiviteter hos en gruppe mennesker som er innlagt for behandling for sitt rusmiddelmisbruk, med eller uten andre sammenfallende psykiske lidelser.Dette er en tverrsnittstudie basert på selvrapportering, opplysninger fra behandler og kliniske undersøkelser. Det er brukt ...

    • A comparative analysis of two cross-sectional surveys of healthcare workers' hand hygiene knowledge, intentions, access and product preferences between two university hospitals, one in Norway and one in Canada 

      Mediå, Anne Kristine (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-06-15)
      Objective: Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) and The University Hospital of Northern Norway in Tromsø (UNN-Tromsø) were compared for self-reported differences in level of knowledge and intentions to comply with the hand hygiene guidelines. Hand hygiene products were also assessed for preference of use, access, gentleness and promotion of hand hygiene compliance. Methods: A cross-sectional quality ...

    • Hälsorisker vid snusbruk 

      Dagenborg, Jennie-Ann Elisabeth (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-06-15)
      Bakgrund: Det råder oenighet bland forskare när det gäller snusets effekt på hälsan. Fem översiktsrapporter, där man ser på skadepåverkningen av snus, har publicerats och den epidemiologiska forskningen har tolkats på olika sätt. Metod: En systematisk identifisering av litteratur och kritisk värdering av de epidemiologiska studier som har inkluderats i översiktsrapporterna om snusets hälsoeffek ...

    • Hvilke tiltak kan gjøre multidose til et bedre egnet legemiddelhåndteringssystem for bruk i kommunehelsetjenesten? 

      Halle, Natalia Kirillovna (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-06-15)
      Et nyere legemiddelhåndteringssystem kalt multidose ble brukt i kommunehelsetjenesten og har per i dag ca 18 700 brukere i Norge. Multidose er tidsbesparende, kostnadseffektiv og et bedre kvalitetssikret system sammenlignet med tidligere brukt ukedosettsystem. I kommunehelsetjenesten i Larvik ble multidose brukt på avdelinger i hjemmetjenesten og på sykehjem. Systemet kunne ikke brukes alene siden ...

    • Local public health physicians in Norway from 1994 to 2002 : workload, work content, and interaction : a story of everyday life in primary health care 

      Pettersen, Betty Johanne (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2008-03-07)
      Avhandlingens tema er utviklingen innenfor lokal samfunnsmedisinsk legetjeneste fra 1994 til 2002. Desentraliserings- og liberaliseringsreformer i primærhelsetjenesten, endringer i helseforhold og etterspørsel etter helsetjenester endret arbeidsarenaen for samfunnsmedisinerne, og gav økonomiske, organisatoriske og faglige utfordringer. Avhandlingen er basert på tre tverrsnittsundersøkelser, gjennom ...

    • Hormone replacement therapy use and plasma levels of sex hormones in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Postgenome Cohort : a cross-sectional analysis 

      Waaseth, Marit; Bakken, Kjersti; Dumeaux, Vanessa; Olsen, Karina Standahl; Rylander, Charlotta; Figenschaug, Yngve; Lund, Eiliv (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008-02-14)
      Background: Hormone replacement therapy use (HRT) is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Our primary objective was to explore hormone levels in plasma according to HRT use, body mass index (BMI) and menopausal status. A secondary objective was to validate self-reported questionnaire information on menstruation and HRT use in the Norwegian Women and Cancer postgenome cohort (NOWAC). Methods: ...

    • Gene expression analyses in breast cancer epidemiology: the Norwegian Women and Cancer postgenome cohort study 

      Dumeaux, Vanessa; Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Kristensen, Vessela N.; Frantzen, Jan-Ole; Kumle, Merethe; Lund, Eiliv (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2008-02-13)
      Introduction: The introduction of high-throughput technologies, also called -omics technologies, into epidemiology has raised the need for high-quality observational studies to reduce several sources of error and bias. Methods: The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) postgenome cohort study consists of approximately 50,000 women born between 1943 and 1957 who gave blood samples between 2003 ...

    • Utprøvinger av alternativ behandling innenfor helsevesenet i møte mellom helsepersonell og alternative behandlere 

      Nyborg, Lisbeth; Launsø, Laila (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2007)
      Internasjonalt og nasjonalt bruker stadig flere mennesker alternativ behandling i forbindelse med sykdom og helseplager. I økende grad trekkes alternativ behandling inn på sykehus, også i Norge. Helsepersonell ønsker mer kunnskap om alternativ behandling og ønsker å se hva alternativ behandling kan bidra med for deres pasienter. Flere helsepersonell ved ulike avdelinger ved norske sykehus har ...

    • Aspects of statin prescribing in Norwegian counties with high, average and low statin consumption : an individual-level prescription database study 

      Sakshaug, Solveig; Hartz, Ingeborg; Furu, Kari; Skurtveit, Svetlana; Engeland, Anders; Eggen, Anne Elise; Njølstad, Inger (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2007-12-05)
      Background: A previous study has shown that variations in threshold and intensity (lipid goal attainment) of statins for primary prevention contribute to regional differences in overall consumption of statins in Norway. Our objective was to explore how differences in prevalences of use, dosing characteristics, choice of statin and continuity of therapy in individual patients adds new information ...

    • Assessing medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills : which components of attitudes do we measure? 

      Anvik, Tor; Gude, Tore; Bærheim, Anders; Risberg, Terje; Fasmer, Ole B.; Hjortdahl, Per; Holen, Are; Vaglum, Per (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2007-03-30)
      Background: The Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS) created by Rees, Sheard and Davies and published in 2002 has been a widely used instrument for measuring medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills. Earlier studies have shown that the CSAS mainly tests two dimensions of attitudes towards communication; positive attitudes (PAS) and negative attitudes (NAS). The ...

    • Lung cancers attributable to environmental tobacco smoke and air pollution in non-smokers in different European countries : a prospective study 

      Lund, Eiliv; Vineis, Paolo; Hoek, Gerald; Krzyzanowski, Michal; Vigna-Taglianti, Federica; Veglia, Fabrizio; Airoldi, Luisa; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise; Linseisen, Jacob; Boeing, Heiner; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Palli, Domenico; Krogh, Vittorio; Tumino, Rosario; Panico, Salvatore; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Peeters, Petra H.; Agudo, Antonio; Martinez, Carmen; Dorronsoro, Miren; Barricarte, Aurelio; Cirera, Lluis; Quiros, J Ramon; Berglund, Gøran; Manjer, Jonas; Forsberg, Bertil; Day, Nicholas E.; Key, Tim J.; Kaaks, Rudolf; Saracci, Rodolfo; Riboli, Elio (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2007-02-15)
      Background: Several countries are discussing new legislation on the ban of smoking in public places, and on the acceptable levels of traffic-related air pollutants. It is therefore useful to estimate the burden of disease associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution. Methods: We have estimated exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and to air pollution in never smokers and ex-smokers ...

    • Curriculum factors influencing knowledge of communication skills among medical students 

      Bærheim, Anders; Anvik, Tor; Risberg, Terje; Hjortdahl, Per; Holen, Are; Fasmer, Ole Bernt; Grimstad, Hilde; Gude, Tore; Vaglum, Per (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2007-10-10)
      Background: Communication training builds on the assumption that understanding of the concepts related to professional communication facilitates the training. We know little about whether students' knowledge of clinical communication skills is affected by their attendance of communication training courses, or to what degree other elements of the clinical training or curriculum design also play a ...

    • Different measures of smoking exposure and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women : a cross-sectional study 

      Bremnes, Yngve; Bjurstam, Nils; Ursin, Giske; Gram, Inger Torhild (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2007-10-26)
      Background: Recent cohort studies have suggested an increased risk of breast cancer with long duration of smoking, and with smoking initiation before first birth. Cigarette smoking may have both carcinogenic effects and antiestrogenic effects on the breast tissue. We decided to examine the relationship between different measures of smoking exposure and mammographic density. Methods: Lifetime ...

    • Observed communication skills: how do they relate to the consultation content? A nation-wide study of graduate medical students seeing a standardized patient for a first-time consultation in a general practice setting 

      Anvik, Tor; Nordøy, Tone; Gude, Tore; Vaglum, Per; Bærheim, Anders; Eide, Hilde; Fasmer, Ole B.; Gravgaard, Peter; Grimstad, Hilde; Hjortdahl, Per; Holen, Are; Skirbekk, Helge; Finset, Arnstein (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2007-11-08)
      Background: In this study, we wanted to investigate the relationship between background variables, communication skills, and the bio-psychosocial content of a medical consultation in a general practice setting with a standardized patient. Methods: Final-year medical school students (N = 111) carried out a consultation with an actor playing the role of a patient with a specific somatic complaint, ...

    • Qualitative research methods in complementary and alternative treatment 

      Rieper, Olaf; Launsø, Laila (Forskningsrapport; Research report, 2007-01)
      Denne rapport giver en introduction til kvalitative forskningsmetoder, der er velegnede til forskning i komplementær og alternativ behandling. Kvalitative og kvantitative metoder producerer meget forskellige former for kundskaber, som er rettet mod forskellige brugssammenhænge og formål. Vi starter med at forholde os til evidens-baseret viden og beskriver epistemologiske baggrunde for at vælge ...