Background - Hypertension is recognized as an important contributor to high cardiovascular mortality in Russia. A comprehensive analysis of data from Russian studies that measured blood pressure in population-based samples has not been previously undertaken. This study aims to identify trends and patterns in mean blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in Russia over the most recent ...

Introduction: Dairy fat is rich in saturated fatty acids known to increase serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, intake of fermented dairy products has been associated with reduced CVD risk in observational studies. How intakes of different fermented dairy products are associated with blood lipid concentrations ...

There is a lack of tangible measures for directed public health action to halt the increase in weight and cancer. We estimated the fraction and preventable cases of all and major body fatness-related cancers attributable to 7-years weight gain (≥ 2 kg). We assessed validated self-reported anthropometrics from 44,114 women aged 34–49 years at the enrolment in 1991–1992 and from a second questionnaire ...

Objective - Social and life skills (SLS) may be important in the prevention and treatment of self-harm, but few studies have described this relationship. We examined three components of SLS in adolescents who reported self-harm that was, according to themselves, diagnosed by a clinician.<p> <p>Design - Cross-sectional.<p> <p>Setting - National screening prior to military service.<p> <p>Participants ...

Aim: Understanding whether increasing Life Expectancy (LE) translates to improved health and function among older adults is essential, but results are inconclusive. We aimed to estimate trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) in the older Norwegian population by sex and education from 1995 to 2017.<p> <p>Method: National life table data were combined with cross-sectional data on functional ...

Objective - To assess initiation of hormonal contraception among women aged 15-19 in the US and Norway by birth cohort.<p> <p>Study design - We used population-based survey (US) and administrative (Norway) data to estimate the cumulative probability of age at first use of hormonal contraception for female residents born between 1989 and 1997 in 3-year birth cohorts. Differences between countries ...

Objective - To explore how agenda navigation may be accomplished underway in consultations covering multiple topics, we identified and analyzed one GP’s communicative strategies.<p> <p>Design, setting, and subjects - A qualitative observational case study with linguistic microanalysis of an exemplary consultation between a female patient with diabetes and her male GP. We used speech act theory ...

Millions of women are dependent on the use of oral contraceptives in order to have a more meaningful life and a general sense of well-being. These benefits make oral contraceptives one of the most prescribed medications among women. However, while there is established evidence on the short-term effects of oral contraceptive use, there are conflicting reports on the long-term risk of oral contraceptive ...

Background - Observational studies have consistently reported that postmenopausal hormone therapy use is associated with lower colon cancer risk, but epidemiologic studies examining the associations between circulating concentrations of endogenous estrogens and colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results.<p> <p>Methods - We investigated the associations between circulating concentrations ...

Objective - To validate a novel artificial-intelligence electrocardiogram algorithm (AI-ECG) to detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in an external population.<p> <p>Background - LVSD, even when asymptomatic, confers increased morbidity and mortality. We recently derived AI-ECG to detect LVSD using ECGs based on a large sample of patients treated at the Mayo Clinic.<p> <p>Methods ...