English
norskInstitutt for samfunnsmedisin: Nye registreringer
Viser treff 1381-1400 av 1899
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Low concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in air at Cape Verde
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-01)Ambient air is a core medium for monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention and is used in studies of global transports of POPs and their atmospheric sources and source regions. Still, data based on active air sampling remain scarce in many regions. The primary objectives of this study were to (i) monitor concentrations of selected POPs in air outside West ... -
Diagnosenes sosiologi: Medisinske forståelser av utmattede kvinner – før og nå
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)Praktiseringen av moderne biomedisin skal være basert på vitenskapelig kunnskap og teknologi, men medisinskfaglige forståelser av helse og sykdom preges også av tid og sted. For kroppslige plager som vanskelig lar seg entydig identifisere, forklare og kurere ved hjelp av medisinsk kunnskap og teknologi, kan den kulturelle pregningen bli særlig stor. Slike plager er derfor spesielt godt egnet som ... -
Vitenskap og verdier i moderne medisin: Idealer og realiteter
(Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2012)Dette essayet inneholder en kritisk drøfting av for estillingen om medisinsk praksis som en kunnskapsbasert og verdinøytral virksomhet. Perspektivet er sosiologisk og historisk, og til dels også kjønnet. Utgangspunktet for drøftingen er to case , ett fra somatikken og ett fra psykiatrien. Fra somatikken; de såkalte medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS); fra psykiatrien; karaktertrekkdiagnosene. ... -
Reasons for and Experiences With Surgical Interventions for Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): A Systematic Review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017)Background: Because female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) leads to changes in normal genital anatomy and functionality, women are increasingly seeking surgical interventions for their FGM/C-related concerns. <br>Aim: To conduct a systematic review of empirical quantitative and qualitative research on interventions for women with FGM/C-related complications. <br>Methods: We conducted systematic ... -
Thyroid homeostasis in mother–child pairs in relation to maternal iodine status. The MISA study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-05-24)BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Iodine deficiency during pregnancy may influence maternal and foetal thyroid function with the risk of causing neurocognitive and psychomotor deficits in the offspring. The objective of this study was to assess iodine status in pregnant women from Northern Norway and to investigate the influence of iodine status on maternal and infant thyroid function. <br>SUBJECTS/METHODS: ... -
Occupational exposure, respiratory health and sensitisation among crab processing workers. A study among processors of king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and edible crab (Cancer pagurus) in Norwegian land based crab processing plants.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-11-10)Occupational asthma and allergy are health problems found in the seafood processing industry. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the exposure to central components in bioaerosols collected in the breathing zone of crab processing workers, and explore the workers’ prevalence of respiratory symptoms and sensitisation to crustacean allergens. This thesis describes the exposure levels of total ... -
Effect of Inpatient Multicomponent Occupational Rehabilitation Versus Less Comprehensive Outpatient Rehabilitation on Sickness Absence in Persons with Musculoskeletal- or Mental Health Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-11)Purpose: To assess effects of an inpatient multi-component occupational rehabilitation program compared to less comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation on sickness absence in persons with musculoskeletal- or mental health disorders. <br>Methods: Randomized clinical trial with parallel groups. Participants were individuals 18–60 years old on sick-leave for 2–12 months with a sick-leave diagnosis ... -
Temporal trends in incidence and case fatality of intracerebral hemorrhage. The Tromsø Study 1995-2012
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-08-16)<p>Background: The aim of this study was to explore temporal trends in incidence and case fatality rates of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) over the last two decades in a Norwegian municipality. <p>Methods: Incident cases of primary ICH were registered in the period from 1995 through 2012 in 32,530 par ticipants of the longitudinal population-based Tromsø Study. Poisson regression models were used ... -
A prospective cohort study on risk factors of musculoskeletal complaints (pain and/or stiffness) in a general population. The Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-20)Background: Female gender has been associated with musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs), but there are limited studies on how other factors may influence women and men differently. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to explore possible predictors of MSCs in women and men free of MSCs at baseline. <br>Methods: The present study included participants from the population-based Tromsø study, with ... -
Self-treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requires more than symptom recognition – a qualitative study of COPD patients’ perspectives on self-treatment
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017)Background: Self-treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD with antibiotics and/or oral corticosteroids has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce hospitalization rates, mortality and health costs. However, for reasons little understood, the effect of self-treatment, particularly when not part of comprehensive self-management programs, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to get insight ... -
Why do physicians lack engagement with smoking cessation treatment in their COPD patients? A multinational qualitative study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-23)Smoking cessation is the only effective intervention to slow down the accelerated decline in lung function in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nevertheless, physicians often do not routinely provide evidence-based smoking cessation treatment to their patients. To understand underlying reasons, we explored how physicians engage in smoking cessation treatment in their chronic ... -
How stable are quantitative sensory testing measurements over time? Report on 10-week reliability and agreement of results in healthy volunteers.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-29)Background: Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a diagnostic tool for the assessment of the somatosensory system. To establish QST as an outcome measure for clinical trials, the question of how similar the measurements are over time is crucial. Therefore, long-term reliability and limits of agreement of the standardized QST protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain were ... -
”It´s incredible how much I´ve had to fight.” Negotiating medical uncertainty in clinical encounters.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-24)Purpose: Clinical encounters related to medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are associated with high levels of conflict between patients and doctors. Collaborative difficulties are fused by the medical uncertainty that dominates these consultations. The main aim of this study is to explore the interactional dynamics of clinical encounters riddled by medical uncertainty, as experienced by ... -
The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-05)Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths in many countries. Causes of liver cancer differ widely among populations. Our results show that most cases of liver cancer can be prevented through vaccination, antiviral treatment, safe blood transfusion and injection practices, as well as interventions to reduce excessive alcohol use. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the ... -
First-trimester smoking cessation in pregnancy did not increase the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia: A Murmansk County Birth Registry study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-10)Although prior studies have shown that smoking reduces preeclampsia/eclampsia risk, the consequence of giving up this habit during pregnancy should be assessed. The aims of the current study were threefold: (i) describe maternal characteristics of women with preeclampsia/ eclampsia; (ii) examine a possible association between the number of cigarettes smoked daily during pregnancy and the development ... -
The impact of a Nickel-Copper smelter on concentrations of toxic elements in local wild food from the Norwegian, Finnish, and Russian border regions
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-28)Toxic elements emitted from the Pechenganickel complex on the Kola Peninsula have caused concern about potential effects on local wild food in the border regions between Norway, Finland and Russia. The aim of this study was to assess Ni, Cu, Co, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg concentrations in local wild foods from these border regions. During 2013–2014, we collected samples of different berry, mushroom, ... -
Bevaringsbiologi - Fjellrev i NINA 2005
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2005-11)Fjellrev Alopex lagopus er en av de mest utrydningstruede pattedyr i Norge og det er stort be-hov for kunnskap både om direkte og underliggende årsaker til fjellrevens tilbakegang så vel som mulige tiltak. ”Overvåkningsprosjektet”, ”GIS-analyser”, ”Fjellrev på Finse”, ”Genetikk på fjellrev” og ”Avlsprosjektet”, er alle integrerte delprosjekter i et fellesprosjekt – ”Bevaringsbiologi – fjellrev” ved ... -
Change in potato consumption among Norwegian women 1998-2005—The Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-09)Studies have shown that potato consumption in Norway have been on the decline in recent years. Increase in income and the association of potato consumption with weight gain and chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes have been identified as some of the factors responsible for the change. The aim of this study was to describe the change in potato consumption within persons and how non-dietary ... -
The reproducibility of self-reported age at menarche: The Tromsø Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-08-22)Background: Previous studies of the reproducibility of self-reported age at menarche have been limited because of small study samples, short follow-up and the limited age span of the women included. Methods: The present study assessed the reproducibility of age at menarche in 6731 women with a wide variation of age when giving the information about age at menarche. The women reported age at ... -
“Blaming, shaming, humiliation”: Stigmatising medical interactions among people with non-epileptic seizures.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2017-07-24)Background: People with non-epileptic seizures (NES) describe difficult and challenging relationships with health professionals, and explain negative interactions as common and expected. Despite these difficulties, little is known about how people with NES experience healthcare encounters. Methods: Using a thematic discourse analysis approach, we analysed the free-text survey responses of 135 ...
