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dc.contributor.advisorJohnsen, Pål Jarle
dc.contributor.authorLorentzen, Øyvind Myrvoll
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-11T12:42:00Z
dc.date.available2024-11-11T12:42:00Z
dc.date.embargoEndDate2026-12-06
dc.date.issued2024-12-06
dc.description.abstractFormation of biofilms is an important adaptive strategy that bacteria employ to endure challenging conditions. This thesis delves into the evolution of the pathogen <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> in biofilms with a focus on biofilm adaptation, c-di-GMP signaling and β-lactamase evolution. Paper 1 improved upon the genome of <i>V. cholerae</i> C6706 and linked every open reading frame to the current reference strain <i>V. cholerae</i> N16961. A genetic analysis identified multiple differences between <i>V. cholerae</i> C6706 and N16961. Experimental evidence suggested that these genetic differences affected biofilm formation and motility through alterations in quorum sensing and c-di-GMP turnover. Paper 2 examined biofilm adaptation during biofilm evolution. Strong selection for biofilm formation markedly improved the biofilm forming capacity of <i>V. cholerae</i> through mutations in the polyamine-regulated, bi-functional c-di-GMP-metabolizing enzyme MbaA. Mutagenesis studies and enzyme kinetics indicated that mutations in MbaA activated the diguanylate cyclase activity of the GGDEF-domain, reduced phosphodiesterase activity of the EAL-domain and decoupled MbaA from polyamine-mediated regulation via NspS. This suggests that the increase in biofilm formation comes from shifting the enzymatic output of MbaA from degradation to synthesis of c-di-GMP. Paper 3 investigated how β-lactamases affect biofilm formation in <i>V. cholerae</i> and how the biofilm lifestyle can affect the evolution of β-lactamases. A wide range of β-lactamases impaired biofilm formation in <i>V. cholerae</i>. Directed evolution coupled with selection for biofilm formation selected for mutations that reversed biofilm inhibition. This suggests that the biofilm environment can influence the evolutionary trajectories of β-lactamases. Overall, this thesis expands our understanding of the biology and evolution of <i>V. cholerae</i> and underscores the importance of understanding pathogen evolution in biofilms. Additionally, it suggests that the c-di-GMP signaling system is a potent evolutionary target for bacterial adaptation.en_US
dc.description.abstractBiofilmdannelse er en viktig overlevelsesstrategi bakterier bruker for å tilpasse seg utfordrende miljøer. Denne avhandlingen undersøker evolusjonen av patogenet <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> med fokus på biofilmtilpasning, c-di-GMP-signalering og β-laktamaseevolusjon. Arbeid 1 forbedret genomet til modelstammen <i>V. cholerae</i> C6706 og knyttet hvert gen opp mot den nåværende referansestammen <i>V. cholerae</i> N16961. Genetisk analyse identifiserte flere mutasjoner i <i>V. cholerae</i> C6706 sammenlignet med N16961. Sammenligning av biofilmdannelse og motilitet avdekte at disse fenotypene varierer mellom <i>V. cholerae</i> C6706 og N16961. Det skyldes trolig forskjeller i quorumsansing og c-di-GMP signalering mellom <i>V. cholerae</i> C6706 og N16961. Arbeid 2 avdekte at sterk seleksjon for biofilmdannelse raskt forberedet biofilmdannelse i <i>V. cholerae</i> gjennom mutasjoner i det bifunksjonelle c-di-GMP-metaboliserende enzymet MbaA. Målrettet mutagenese og enzymkinetikk viste at mutasjoner i MbaA aktiverte diguanylat syklaseaktiviteten til GGDEF-domenet, reduserte fosfodiesteraseaktiviteten til EAL-domenet og avkoblet MbaA fra polyamin-mediert regulering via NspS. Dette tyder på at økningen i biofilmdannelse skyldes at den enzymatiske aktiviteten til MbaA endres fra degradering til syntese av c-di-GMP. Arbeid 3 undersøkte hvordan β-laktamaser påvirker biofilmdannelse i <i>V. cholerae</i> og hvordan biofilmlivsstilen kan påvirke evolusjonen av β-laktamaser. Et bredt spekter av β-laktamaser svekket biofilmdannelse i <i>V. cholerae</i>. Rettet evolusjon etterfulgt av seleksjon for biofilmdannelse selekterte for mutasjoner som reverserte biofilmhemming. Dette tyder på at biofilm-miljøet kan påvirke evolusjonen til β-laktamaser. Samlet sett utvider denne avhandlingen vår forståelse av <i>V. cholerae</i> biologi og understreker viktigheten av å forstå hvordan patogener tilapsser seg i biofilmer. Videre tyder våre funn på at c-di-GMP-signaleringssystemet er et potent evolusjonært mål for bakteriell tilpasning.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractVibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, have the ability to survive in harsh environments by forming biofilms - structured bacterial communities protected by a mucous-like matrix. This work explored how biofilms influence the evolution of V. cholerae, revealing that they not only protect but also actively shape the evolution of this pathogen. Additionally, this research highlight how the biofilm lifestyle can alter the evolution of β-lactamases, which are key antimicrobial resistance enzymes.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/35632
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspart<p>Paper 1: Lorentzen, Ø.M., Bleis, C. & Abel, S. A comparative genomic and phenotypic study of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> model strains using hybrid sequencing. (Accepted manuscript). Now published in <i>Microbiology, 170</i>(9), 2024, 001502, available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/35419> https://hdl.handle.net/10037/35419</a>. <p>Paper 2: Lorentzen, Ø.M., Abel, S., Johnsen, P.J. & Frøhlich, C. Biofilm evolution selects for constitutive synthesis of c-di-GMP by the bifunctional enzyme MbaA. (Manuscript). <p>Paper 3: Lorentzen, Ø.M., Haukefer, A.S.B., Johnsen, P.J. & Frøhlich, C. (2023). The biofilm lifestyle shapes the evolution of β-lactamases. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution, 16</i>(3), evae030. Also available in Munin at <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34701>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/34701</a>.en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsembargoedAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2024 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectEvolutionen_US
dc.subjectC-di-gmpen_US
dc.subjectBiofilmen_US
dc.subjectAMRen_US
dc.subjectVibrio choleraeen_US
dc.subjectβ-lactamasesen_US
dc.titleMicrobial evolution in biofilmsen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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