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dc.contributor.advisorBerge, Jørgen
dc.contributor.authorBengtsson, Olof Mikael
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-22T11:52:10Z
dc.date.available2025-08-22T11:52:10Z
dc.date.issued2025-10-09
dc.description.abstractKongsfjorden in the Svalbard Archipelago has transitioned from an Arctic to an Atlantic state due to climate change. Warming of the fjord has led to sea ice reduction, glacial retreat and increasing abundances of Atlantic and boreal species. This process is called Atlantificaiton and is a cause for concern for Arctic endemic species native to Kongsfjorden. In this thesis, dietary niches and feeding strategies of co-existing Arctic endemic and non-endemic marine predators in Kongsfjorden were compared to assess potential for competition and to gain insights into the current state of the marine food web. Relatively high dietary overlaps, suggesting potential for competition, were observed between anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and the alien pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), between similar sized polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and both the Arctic endemics ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) had high probabilities of niche overlap with the temperate harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Differences in feeding strategies were observed however, indicating that potential competition was limited to certain individuals, seasons or years. Atlantic and boreal species were more prevalent in the diet of predators feeding in the pelagic realm and in the central and outer regions of Kongsfjorden, while Arctic species were dominant in the benthic-, intertidal- and innermost parts of the fjord. This research supports previous documentation of Atlantification in Kongsfjorden. Arctic species still hold important positions in the food web but are faced with increasing predatory pressure and potential competition from boreal competitors. Specialized feeding strategies and reliance on Arctic habitats might serve to protect Arctic marine predators temporarily. However, as these habitats diminish and Atlantification of the food web continues, their future in Kongsfjorden is uncertain. In the near future, they will likely be functionally replaced by boreal generalists.en_US
dc.description.abstractKongsfjorden i Svalbard-arkipelet har overgått fra en arktisk til en atlantisk tilstand på grunn av klimaendringer. Oppvarming av fjorden har ført til redusert sjøis, tilbaketrekning av breer og økende mengder av atlantiske og boreale arter. Denne prosessen kalles atlantifisering og er bekymringsverdig for endemiske arktiske arter i Kongsfjorden. I denne avhandlingen ble økologiske nisjer og forasjeringsstrategier sammenlignet hos sameksisterende endemiske arktiske og ikke-endemiske marine rovdyr i Kongsfjorden for å vurdere potensialet for konkurranse og få innsikt i den nåværende tilstanden i den marine næringskjeden. Relativt høy diettoverlapp, som indikerer potensiell konkurranse, ble observert mellom anadrom røye (Salvelinus alpinus) og den invasive pukkellaksen (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), mellom polartorsk (Boreogadus saida) og atlanterhavstorsk (Gadus morhua) av lignende størrelse, og de endemiske arktiske artene ringsel (Pusa hispida) og storkobbe (Erignathus barbatus) hadde høy sannsynlighet for nisje-overlapp med den boreale steinkobben (Phoca vitulina). Det ble imidlertid observert forskjeller i fôrstrategier, noe som indikerer at potensiell konkurranse var begrenset til visse individer, sesonger eller år. Atlantiske og boreale arter var mer utbredt i dietten til rovdyr som jaktet i det pelagiske miljøet og i de sentrale og ytre regionene av Kongsfjorden, mens arktiske arter dominerte i det bentiske habitatet, i tidevannssonen og i innerste delene av fjorden. Dette arbeidet bekrefter tidligere dokumentasjon av atlantifisering i Kongsfjorden. Arktiske arter har fortsatt viktige roller i næringskjeden, men står overfor økt predasjon og potensiell konkurranse fra boreale arter. Arktiske marine rovdyr kan midlertidig beskytte seg ved å tilpasse seg spesialiserte fôrstrategier og oppsøke arktiske habitater. Likevel, ettersom disse habitatene forsvinner og atlantifiseringen av næringskjeden fortsetter, er fremtiden for arktiske arter i Kongsfjorden usikker. På sikt vil de sannsynligvis bli funksjonelt erstattet av boreale generalister.en_US
dc.description.doctoraltypeph.d.en_US
dc.description.popularabstractKongsfjorden in Svalbard is transforming due to climate change. Sea ice is disappearing, glaciers are retreating, and southern species are taking over while Arctic species are declining. Stomach contents of fish and chemical compounds in skin and blubber from seals were used to explore diets of Arctic and non-Arctic species co-existing in Kongsfjorden. Dietary overlap was observed between Arctic char and pink salmon, polar cod and Atlantic cod, and between the Arctic ringed- and bearded seals and the temperate harbor seal. This suggests that there could be competition for food. Atlantic prey were common for species feeding pelagically and in central/outer Kongsfjorden, suggesting strong “Atlantification” in these habitats. Arctic prey still play vital roles in the food web, especially at the seabed and in inner Kongsfjorden. Relying on Arctic habitats and specialized diets could help Arctic predators in the short-term but are likely to be replaced by Atlantic species in the long-term.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe studies reported in this thesis were primarily funded by the Norwegian Research Council (NFR) project ARK (project no. 313678) with help from the Norwegian Polar Institute and UiT The Arctic University of Norway. An Arctic Field Grant (NFR project no. 333104 to OB) facilitated some of the field work I conducted. Funding from The Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund (RIS ID: 11416, RIS ID: 10847), Project Deep Impact (NFR project no. 300333), the Institute of Oceanography Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, and the University Centre in Svalbard also contributed to the undertaking of this work.en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-82-8266-288-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/38015
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherUiT The Arctic University of Norwayen_US
dc.publisherUiT Norges arktiske universiteten_US
dc.relation.haspartPaper I: Bengtsson, O., Lydersen, C., Christensen, G., Węsławski, J.M., Kovacs, K.M. (2023). Marine diets of anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Svalbard, Norway. <i>Polar Biology, 46</i>, 1219-1234. Published version available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03196-8> https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03196-8</a>. <p> <p> Paper II: Bengtsson, O., Lydersen, C., Węsławski, J.M., Berge, J., Kovacs, K.M. (2024). Summer and polar night diets of polar cod Boreogadus saida and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway. <i>Marine Ecology Progress Series, 747</i>, 117-132. Published version available at <a href=https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14700>https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14700</a>. <p> <p> Paper III: Bengtsson, O., Lydersen, C., Fisk, A.T., Węsławski, J.M., Berge, J., Kovacs, K.M. (2025). Dietary niches of three resident phocid seal species in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway. (Submitted manuscript).en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2025 The Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)en_US
dc.subjectAtlantificationen_US
dc.subjectBorealizationen_US
dc.subjectClimate changeen_US
dc.subjectDietary overlapen_US
dc.subjectFood weben_US
dc.subjectGadiden_US
dc.subjectPinnipeden_US
dc.subjectSalmoniden_US
dc.titleDietary niches of phocid seals and predatory fishes in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: Comparisons between co-occurring endemic Arctic and non-endemic speciesen_US
dc.typeDoctoral thesisen_US
dc.typeDoktorgradsavhandlingen_US


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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)