Browsing Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet by Title

Now showing items 2932-2951 of 10096

    • Epidemiology of comorbid hazardous alcohol use and insomnia in 19 185 women and men attending the population-based Tromsø Study 2015–2016 

      Husberg, Vendela; Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter; Friborg, Oddgeir; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Bergvik, Svein; Rognmo, Kamilla (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-27)
      Background - Hazardous alcohol use is known to be comorbid with insomnia problems. The present study examined the prevalence of insomnia and if the odds of insomnia differed between women and men with a hazardous alcohol use.<p> <p>Methods - Cross-sectional data from the seventh survey of the Norwegian population-based Tromsø Study 2015–2016 (participation 65%). The sample included 19 185 women ...

    • Epidemiology of eating disorders part III: Social epidemiology and case definitions revisited. 

      Rosenvinge, Jan H; Pettersen, Gunn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-09)
      The previous papers in this series outlined a historical panorama and presented updated knowledge about putative risk factors and how eating disorders are distributed in various populations. In this final paper, we discuss in what way comorbidity findings and transdiagnostic issues may change our conceptions about ‘an epidemiological case’ from the current definition of eating disorders based on the ...

    • The epidemiology of myocardial infarction. Trends in incidence, risk factors, severity, treatment and outcomes of myocardial infarction in a general population. 

      Mannsverk, Jan Torbjørn (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-11-07)
      Paper 1 and 2 were based on the Tromsø Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study with repeated screenings for cardiovascular risk factors and follow-up with regard to disease incidence and mortality. Paper 3 was based on a local registry of consecutively patients with presumed ST-elevation myocardial infarction who had been given prehospital thrombolytic therapy, and then admitted to the ...

    • The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder in Norway: trauma characteristics and pre-existing psychiatric disorders 

      Lassemo, Eva Irene Samant; Sandanger, Inger; Nygård, Jan Franz; Sørgaard, Knut W. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-10-18)
      Purpose: The prevalence of PTSD differs by gender. Pre-existing psychiatric disorders and different traumas experienced by men and women may explain this. The aims of this study were to assess (1) incidence and prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD, (2) the effect of pre-existing psychiatric disorders prior to trauma on the risk for PTSD, and (3) the effect the characteristics of trauma ...

    • The Epidemiology of Valvular Aortic Stenosis. Prevalence, incidence, mortality, risk factors and progression of aortic stenosis in a general population. The Tromsø Study. 

      Eveborn, Gry Debora Wisthus (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2015-11-19)
      With datasets from 3 repeated echocardiographic examinations (1994, 2001 and 2008) of a random sample of initially 3,273 participants in the Tromsø Study, we were able to give descriptive and analytical epidemiologic data on degenerative aortic valve disease. Aortic valve stenosis (AS) was defined as a mean aortic valve gradient ≥15 mmHg. There were 164 subjects with AS. We found that prevalence ...

    • Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling enhances the proinflammatory effects of staphylococcus aureus gamma-toxin on the mucosa 

      Gillman, Aaron N.; Breshears, Laura M.; Kistler, Charles K.; Finnegan, Patrick M.; Torres, Victor J.; Schlievert, Patrick M.; Peterson, Marnie L. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-28)
      Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) produces many different exotoxins including the gamma-toxins, HlgAB and HlgCB. Gamma-toxins form pores in both leukocyte and erythrocyte membranes, resulting in cell lysis. The genes encoding gamma-toxins are present in most strains of S. aureus, and are commonly expressed in clinical isolates recovered from menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome (mTSS) patients. This study ...

    • Epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia with ropivacaine and fentanyl in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized, controlled study 

      Kirov, Mikhail; Eremeev, Alexey; Smetkin, Alexey Anatolievich; Bjertnæs, Lars J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      Our aim was to assess the efficacy of thoracic epidural anesthesia (EA) followed by postoperative epidural infusion (EI) and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with ropivacaine/fentanyl in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). In a prospective study, 93 patients were scheduled for OPCAB under propofol/fentanyl anesthesia and randomized to three postoperative analgesia regimens ...

    • Epidurals påvirkning på fødselstider og aktiv trykketid 

      Henriksen, Caroline Marie (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2015-05-31)
      Bakgrunn: Formålet med denne oppgaven var å studere epidural analgesis påvirkning på fødselsforløpet og aktiv trykketid hos fødende. Material og metode: Data fra Partus ved Fødeavdelingene UNN, Tromsø, Finnsnes og Nordreisa, i tidsperioden 01.01.2007-31.12.2014 inngår i oppgaven. Det ble registrert 12.812 fødsler i denne perioden. Vi inkluderte kvinner som fødte etter 36 svangerskapsuke, hadde ...

    • Epigenetic mechanisms of lung carcinogenesis involve differentially methylated CpG sites beyond those associated with smoking 

      Petrovic, Dusan; Bodinier, Barbara; Dagnino, Sonia; Whitaker, Matthew; Karimi, Maryam; Campanella, Gianluca; Nøst, Therese Haugdahl; Polidoro, Silvia; Palli, Domenico; Krogh, Vittorio; Tumino, Rosario; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Panico, Salvatore; Lund, Eiliv; Dugué, Pierre-Antoine; Giles, Graham G; Severi, Gianluca; Southey, Melissa; Vineis, Paolo; Stringhini, Silvia; Bochud, Murielle; Sandanger, Torkjel M; Vermeulen, Roel CH; Guida, Florence; Chadeau-Hyam, Marc (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-20)
      Smoking-related epigenetic changes have been linked to lung cancer, but the contribution of epigenetic alterations unrelated to smoking remains unclear. We sought for a sparse set of CpG sites predicting lung cancer and explored the role of smoking in these associations. We analysed CpGs in relation to lung cancer in participants from two nested case–control studies, using (LASSO)-penalised ...

    • Epigenetics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Contribution of DNA methylation to Ulcerative Colitis pathogenesis 

      Taman, Hagar (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-04-08)
      Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily affecting the colon. Along with Crohn’s disease (CD) they constitute the most common subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic variants can only explain approximately 20 % of all IBD cases, indicating a more complex pathogenesis which is not fully understood. It has been implied that an ...

    • Epigenome-wide association study reveals decreased average methylation levels years before breast cancer diagnosis 

      van Veldhoven, Karin; Polidoro, Silvia; Baglietto, Laura; Severi, Gianluca; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Panico, Salvatore; Mattiello, Amalia; Palli, Domenico; Masala, Giovanna; Krogh, Vittorio; Agnoli, Claudia; Tumino, Rosario; Frasca, Graziella; Flower, Kirsty; Curry, Ed; Orr, Nicholas; Tomczyk, Katarzyna; Jones, Michael E.; Ashworth, Alan; Swerdlow, Anthony; Chadeau-Hyam, Marc; Lund, Eiliv; Garcia-Closas, Montserrat; Sandanger, Torkjel M; Flanagan, James M.; Vineis, Paolo (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-08-04)
      Background: Interest in the potential of DNA methylation in peripheral blood as a biomarker of cancer risk is increasing. We aimed to assess whether epigenome-wide DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood samples obtained before onset of the disease is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. We report on three independent prospective nested case-control studies from the European ...

    • Epigenomic and transcriptomic approaches in the post-genomic era: Path to novel targets for diagnosis and therapy of the ischaemic heart? Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart 

      Perrino, Cinzia; Barabási, Albert-Laszló; Condorelli, Gianluigi; Davidson, Sean Michael; De Windt, Leon; Dimmeler, Stefanie; Engel, Felix Benedikt; Hausenloy, Derek John; Hill, Joseph Addison; Van Laake, Linda Wilhelmina; Lecour, Sandrine; Leor, Jonathan; Madonna, Rosalinda; Mayr, Manuel; Prunier, Fabrice; Sluijter, Joost Petrus Geradus; Schulz, Rainer; Thum, Thomas; Ferdinandy, Péter (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-29)
      Despite advances in myocardial reperfusion therapies, acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and consequent ischaemic heart failure represent the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized societies. Although different therapeutic interventions have been shown beneficial in preclinical settings, an effective cardioprotective or regenerative therapy has yet to be successfully ...

    • Epilepsi hos barn ved Universitetssykehuset i Nord-Norge, Tromsø - et 8 års materiale 

      Hansen, Aurora (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-05-30)
      Bakgrunn: 10,5 millioner barn verden over antas å ha epilepsi. Epilepsi defineres som gjentatte epileptiske anfall på grunn av en primær funksjonsforstyrrelse i hjernen. Et epileptisk anfall er en patologisk overaktivering av en større eller mindre del av hjernen – som igjen kan gi mange flere forskjellige typer anfall. Jeg ønsker med denne studien å se på årsaker, behandling og oppfølging av barn ...

    • Epilepsi hos kvinner. Hvordan er oppfølgingen fra Nevrologisk avdeling, UNN? 

      Johansen, Stein-Vegar (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2003-09-15)

    • Epipericardial Fat Necrosis: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature 

      Mortensen, Synnøve Gjelsten; Buchmann, Petr; Lappegård, Knut Tore (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-10-16)
      Epipericardial fat necrosis (EFN), also known as pericardial or mediastinal fat necrosis, has until lately been considered an unusual cause of acute chest pain. Due to increased use of computed tomography (CT) and other imaging techniques, EFN is now believed to be an under-diagnosed cause of acute chest pain. We here present a patient with a short history of acute, left-sided pleuritic chest pain ...

    • Episiotomy characteristics and risks for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a case-control study 

      Stedenfeldt, Mona; Pirhonen, Jouko; Blix, Ellen; Wilsgaard, Tom; Vonen, Barthold; Øian, Pål (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      Objectives  To investigate the association between the geometrical properties of episiotomy and obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) because episiotomies angled at 40–60° are associated with fewer OASIS than episiotomies with more acute angles. Design  Case–control study. Setting  University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø and Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway. Sample  Seventy-four women ...

    • Epistemological and methodological paradoxes: secondary care specialists and their challenges working with adolescents with medically unexplained symptoms 

      Østbye, Silje Vagli; Wang, Catharina Elisabeth Arfwedson; Granheim, Ida Pauline Høilo; Kristensen, Kjersti Elisabeth; Risør, Mette Bech (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-24)
      <p><i>Background</i>: Early adolescence is considered a critical period for the development of chronic and recurrent medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), and referrals and system-initiated patient trajectories often lead to an excess of examinations and hospitalizations in the cross-section between mental and somatic specialist care for this group of patients. Dimensions of the relationship and ...

    • Epistemological challenges in contemporary Western healthcare systems exemplified by people’s widespread use of complementary and alternative medicine 

      Salamonsen, Anita; Ahlzen, Rolf (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-12)
      Modern Western public healthcare systems offer predominantly publicly subsidized healthcare traditionally based on biomedicine as the most important basis to cure persons who suffer from disorders of somatic or psychiatric nature. To which extent this epistemological position is suitable for this purpose is under scientific debate and challenged by some people’s personal understandings of health and ...

    • Epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes attributable to smoking in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, 2012 

      Licaj, Idlir; Lukic, Marko; Jareid, Mie; Lund, Eiliv; Braaten, Tonje; Gram, Inger Torhild (Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2016-01-14)
      Among European women, ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer. Smoking is an established risk factor for mucinous tumors. We estimated the impact of smoking in Norwegian women using population attributable fractions (PAFs) of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), by invasiveness and by histological subtypes in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study with an average of 13.2 years of follow-up. ...

    • Epithelial ovarian cancer. Population-based cohort studies. The NOWAC Study and Postgenome biobank 

      Jareid, Mie (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2022-10-19)
      Important gaps in population-based epidemiological research on ovarian cancer include understanding how risk factors relate to cancer subtypes and anatomical sites, identifying safe and effective preventive measures, and getting a more detailed picture of the continuum of events during ovarian carcinogenesis. This thesis used prospective exposure information from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) ...