Browsing Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet by Title

Now showing items 756-775 of 10096

    • B Cell Tolerance to Deiminated Histones in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Autoimmune-Prone Mouse Strains 

      Dwivedi, Nishant; Hedberg, Annica; Zheng, Ying Yi; Neeli, Indira; Satoh, Minoru; Morel, Laurence; Rekvig, Ole Petter; Radic, Marko (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-03-30)
      Deimination, a posttranslational modification of arginine to citrulline carried out by peptidylarginine deiminases, may compromise tolerance of self-antigens. Patients with connective tissue autoimmunity, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or Felty’s syndrome, present with autoantibodies to deiminated histones (dH), which thus form a category of antibodies ...

    • B Vitamins and Hip Fracture: Secondary Analyses and Extended Follow-Up of Two Large Randomized Controlled Trials 

      Garcia Lopez, Maria; Bønaa, Kaare; Ebbing, Marta; Eriksen, Erik Fink; Gjesdal, Clara Gram; Nygård, Ottar; Tell, Grethe S.; Ueland, Per Magne; Meyer, Haakon E (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-28)
      Elevated plasma homocysteine levels are associated with increased risk of fractures in observational studies. However, it is unsettled whether homocysteine-lowering treatment affects fracture risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intervention with B vitamins on the risk of hip fracture in a secondary analysis of combined data from two large randomized controlled trials ...

    • B4GALT family mediates the multidrug resistance of human leukemia cells by regulating the hedgehog pathway and the expression of p-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 

      Zhou, Humin; Ma, Hongye; Wei, Wei; Ji, Donghua; Song, Xiaobo; Sun, Jinglu; Zhang, Jianing; Jia, Li (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      b-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase gene (B4GALT) family consists of seven members, which encode corresponding enzymes known as type II membrane-bound glycoproteins. These enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis of different glycoconjugates and saccharide structures, and have been recognized to be involved in various diseases. In this study, we sought to determine the expressional profiles of B4GALT family ...

    • Bachelor studies for nurses organised in rural contexts - a tool for improving health care services in circumpolar region? 

      Nilsen, Gudrun; Huemer, Jeanette; Eriksen, Liss (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012-03-30)
      <p><i>Objectives:</i> This article is based on a pilot study of Finnmark University College's off-campus bachelor programme (BA) for nurses, organised in rural areas. The objectives were to explore whether these courses had contributed to reduced vacancies; whether the learning outcome of the off-campus courses was the same as the on-campus programme, and how the education had influenced the nurses’ ...

    • Bacillus anthracis gamma phage lysis among soil bacteria: An update on test specificity 

      Kolton, Cari B; Podnecky, Nicole L.; Shadomy, Sean V; Gee, Jay E; Hoffmaster, Alex R (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-16)
      Background: <br> Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax in humans and animals, is enzootic in parts of the U.S. state of Texas where cases are typically reported in animals annually. The gamma phage lysis assay is a common diagnostic method for identifcation of B. anthracis and is based on the bacterium’s susceptibility to lysis. This test has been shown to be 97% specifc for B. anthracis, as ...

    • Back 2 School - Våger vi å la være? 

      Sørheim Nilsen, Toril; Ingul, Jo Magne; Askeland, Kristin Gärtner; Haugland, Bente Storm Mowatt; Adolfsen, Frode; Havik, Trude; Neumer, Simon-Peter; Rye, Marte; Bania, Elisabeth Valmyr; Kyrrestad, Henriette; Walmsness, Kari (Chronicle; Kronikk, 2022-12-07)
      Pilotprosjektet «Back2chool» er ikke svaret på alt. et finnes ingen quick-fix på uønsket skolefravær.

    • Bacterial diversity in faeces from polar bear (Ursus maritimus) in Arctic Svalbard 

      Glad, Trine; Brusetti, Lorenzo; Aars, Jon; Bernhardsen, Pål; Nielsen, Kaare Magne; Andersen, Magnus; Sundset, Monica Alterskjær (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2010)
      Background Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are major predators in the Arctic marine ecosystem, feeding mainly on seals, and living closely associated with sea ice. Little is known of their gut microbial ecology and the main purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity in faeces of polar bears in Svalbard, Norway (74-81 degrees N, 10-33 degrees E). In addition the level of blaTEM ...

    • Bacterial evolution on demand 

      Johnsen, Pål Jarle; Gama, João Alves; Harms, Klaus (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-06)
      Bacteria carry antibiotic resistant genes on movable sections of DNA that allow them to select the relevant genes on demand.

    • Bacterial Extracellular vesicles and their cargo 

      Joshi, Bishnu (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-02-05)
      <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> are opportunistic pathogens that may cause diseases ranging from minor skin infection to severe blood stream infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcal strains severely limits treatment options. Bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs), defined as ...

    • Bacterial genomic epidemiology with mixed samples 

      Mäklin, Tommi; Kallonen, Teemu; Alanko, Jarno; Samuelsen, Ørjan; Hegstad, Kristin; Mäkinen, Veli; Corander, Jukka; Heinz, Eva; Honkela, Antti (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-15)
      Genomic epidemiology is a tool for tracing transmission of pathogens based on whole-genome sequencing. We introduce the mGEMS pipeline for genomic epidemiology with plate sweeps representing mixed samples of a target pathogen, opening the possibility to sequence all colonies on selective plates with a single DNA extraction and sequencing step. The pipeline includes the novel mGEMS read binner for ...

    • Bacterial interference with canonical NF kappa B signalling 

      Johannessen, Mona; Askarian, Fatemeh; Sangvik, Maria; Sollid, Johanna U. Ericson (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013-10)

    • Bacterial leakage in ex vivo teeth after apicoectomy using two tricalsium silicate-based cements as root-end filling materials 

      Tinnan, Tamar; Nergård, Siril; Ellingsen, Siri (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014)
      Abstract Background The main cause of pulpal and periradicular pathosis are microorganisms and their by products in the root canal system. These have to be eliminated to promote healing. Because it´s impossible to achieve a bacteria-free root canal an additional goal of endodontic therapy is to seal the root canal system from the outside environment. Today the standard method for filling the ...

    • The bacterial magnesium transporter MgtA reveals highly selective interaction with specific cardiolipin species 

      Weikum, Julia; van Dyck, Jeroen F.; Subramani, Saranya; Klebl, David P.; Storflor, Merete; Muench, Stephen P.; Abel, Sören; Sobott, Frank; Morth, Jens Preben (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-10-23)
      The bacterial magnesium transporter A (MgtA) is a specialized P-type ATPase important for Mg<sup>2+</sup> import into the cytoplasm; disrupted magnesium homeostasis is linked to intrinsic ribosome instability and antibacterial resistance in Salmonella strains. Here, we show that MgtA has functional specificity for cardiolipin 18:1. Still, it reaches maximum activity only in combination with ...

    • Bacterial membrane-derived vesicles attenuate vancomycin activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 

      Kumaraswamy, Monika; Wiull, Kamilla; Joshi, Bishnu; Sakoulas, George; Kousha, Armin; Vaaje-Kolstad, Gustav; Johannessen, Mona; Hegstad, Kristin; Nizet, Victor; Askarian, Fatemeh (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-29)
      Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved numerous antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and is identified as a serious public health threat by the World Health Organization and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The glycopeptide vancomycin (VAN) remains a cornerstone of therapy for severe MRSA infections despite increasing reports of therapeutic failure in hospitalized ...

    • BAFF expression is increased in Lupus Nephritis and associated with activation of C1 inhibitor, α-1-acid-glycoprotein and endothelial markers. 

      Eilertsen, Gro Østli; Ghelue, Marijke van; Nossent, Johannes C (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      B cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor therapy has recently been approved for non-renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). While BAFF plays a role in experimental lupus nephritis (LN), its role human LN is not well studied. Case control study in 102 SLE patients, 30 with LN (+LN) and 72 without LN (-LN) and 31 healthy controls. We analysed BAFF mRNA expression in PBMCs (BAFF-RQ) and serum BAFF ...

    • Bak tallene. En litteraturstudie om unges helse, hva kan vi avdekke gjennom Ungdatas spørsmål om psykiske plager? 

      Asplund, Beathe Presthus (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-05-04)
      Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Formålet med denne studien er å belyse hvordan ungdoms psykiske helse kartlegges gjennom spørsmålstillingen i Ungdatas selvrapporteringsskjema, og hvordan svarene kan tolkes og forstås. Videre kan denne kunnskapen benyttes i helsefremmende arbeid rettet mot ungdom. Problemstilling: «Hva kan ungdomsundersøkelsen Ungdata gi svar på gjennom sine spørsmål om psykiske plager, og ...

    • Bakteriemi ved sentralvenøse katetere hos pasienter med akutt leukemi 

      Schüller, Siri Gulliksen (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-05-29)
      Bakgrunn. Pasienter med malign hematologisk sykdom krever ofte innleggelse av sentralt venekateter i forbindelse med behandling. Denne pasientgruppen er spesielt utsatt for infeksjon, samtidig som de kan mangle klassiske symptomer på dette. Vi har undersøkt forekomst av bakteriemi, mikrobefunn og seponering av kateter blant pasienter med akutt leukemi i forhold til nøytropeni og operatør (overlege ...

    • Bakteriofagterapi – et bærekraftig alternativ eller supplement til antibiotika. En systematisk litteraturstudie på bruk av bakteriofagterapi mot behandlingsresistente infeksjoner forårsaket av Gram-negative bakterier 

      Sollid, Elin Helena (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-05-31)
      <p>Bakgrunn: Overdreven bruk av antimikrobielle midler har ført til utbredt seleksjon og spredning av antimikrobiell resistens i klinisk viktige bakterier. Når tradisjonelle antimikrobielle midler svikter i infeksjonsbehandling, øker både morbiditet og mortalitet hos pasientene, og det finnes få behandlingsalternativ. Bakteriofagterapi har kommet i søkelyset som et mulig alternativ, eller supplement, ...

    • Balance Sheets of Suffering in End-of-Life Care 

      Wackers, Ger (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2017-10-04)
      Drawing on recent work in cognitive linguistics and social studies of knowledge practices, this chapter explores the various ways in which the figure of a balance sheet frames arguments and positions in end-of-life care. Across arguments and positions, there are substantial differences in the kinds of matter that are balanced against each other and the values attributed to them, and which items are ...

    • Balance theory and acculturation : Russian-speaking immigrants in Norway 

      Romanova, Evguenia (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2007-10-31)
      Self-report scales designed to measure attitudes toward both Russia and Norway, attitude between Norway and Russia, the degree of perceptual fit into each of the cultures, cultural distance and satisfaction with life, were completed by Russian-speaking immigrants. The main purpose of the study was to explore Heider’s social balance theory in acculturation research. It was predicted that balance is ...