Browsing Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet by Title
Now showing items 10100-10119 of 10152
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Working for the Best or Bracing for the Worst? Approach and Avoidance Motivation in Planning
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-11)Even though planning is generally helpful in goal pursuit, people do not always choose to plan. The inclination to plan might depend on whether we focus on what we seek to approach or what we seek to avoid. In two pre-registered experiments, we tested the relative effect of approach versus avoidance motivation on willingness to plan (total <i>N</i>=1349). With outcome framing as the experimental ... -
Working in a cold environment, feeling cold at work and chronic pain: A cross-sectional analysis of the Tromsø Study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-11-11)<i>Aim</i> - The aim of this study was to investigate if working in a cold environment and feeling cold at work are associated with chronic pain (ie, lasting ≥3 months).<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - We used data from the sixth survey (2007–2008) of the Tromsø Study. Analyses included 6533 men and women aged 30–67 years who were not retired, not receiving full-time disability benefits and had no missing ... -
Workplace Cold and Perceived Work Ability: Paradoxically Greater Disadvantage for More vs. Less-Educated Poultry Industry Workers in Thailand
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-01)The association between worksite temperature and perceived work ability (WA) in various educational classes remains unknown. Therefore, we interviewed 286 poultry industry workers in Thailand about their WA and linked their responses to worksite temperature. WA was based on the self-assessment of current work ability compared with their lifetime best ability (scores 0–10). Education was classified ... -
Workplace diesel exhausts and gasoline exposure and risk of colorectal cancer in four Nordic countries
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-09)<i>Background</i>: Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: This caseecontrol study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in ... -
The world of β-glucans : a review of biological roles, applications and potential areas of research
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2009-05-15)Among many known and tested immunomodulators, polysaccharides isolated from various natural sources occupy a prominent position. An important group of these polysaccharides is represented by the homopolymers of β-glucose, called β-glucans. Their very low-to-negligible toxicity and immunomodulating effects show the promise it has in the therapy of a variety of infectious and cancer illnesses. ... -
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-11-15)Background:<br>Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defi ned as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher.<br> Methods:<br>For ... -
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-10)Background: <br> Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. <br>Methods: <br> ... -
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-09)Background:<br>One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the agestandardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults ... -
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-24)Background - Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories.<p> <p>Methods - We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative ... -
Worst Cases Reported to the NAFKAM International Registry of Exceptional Courses of Disease
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2012-03) -
Would loss to follow-up bias the outcome evaluation of patients operated for degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)Loss to follow-up may bias the outcome assessments of clinical registries. In this study, we wanted to determine whether outcomes were different in responding and non-responding patients who were included in a clinical spine surgery registry, at two years of follow-up. In addition, we wanted to identify risk factors for failure to respond. 633 patients who were operated for degenerative disorders ... -
Wound healing in diabetes. An intervention study in db/db mice
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2017-06-09)The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally. Certain microvascular and macrovascular complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and impaired wound healing are associated with the disease. Prolonged exposure to hyperglycaemia plays an important role in their development. Glucose reacts with macromolecules including proteins, lipoproteins, and nucleic ... -
Wrist malpractice claims in Northern Norway 2005–2014. Lessons to be learned
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-18)Rough weather conditions in the subarctic areas of Norway may influence on the risk of wrist fracture. We implemented data from the Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation (NPE). All claims due to wrist surgery, performed at the public hospitals in Northern Norway, during 2005-2014 were analyzed. We employed the ICD-10 classification codes S52.5 (fracture of distal end of radius) and S52.6 ... -
Writing disorder: The harmful and healing effects of writing in Hornbacher’s Wasted and other anorexia memoirs
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-31)A growing body of evidence points to the potential of life writing about anorexia to foster “disordered reading” practices in certain readers (Seaber, 2016), with particular concerns raised about the breakthrough eating disorder memoir, Marya Hornbacher’s Wasted (1998). With this article, I shift the focus from readers to authors, exploring the positive and negative health consequences of writing ... -
Writing electronic nursing care plans. An approach to facilitate navigating the standardized Nursing vocabularies NANDA and NIC
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2007-06)The introduction of the standardized nursing languages NANDA and NIC to write electronic care plans is hard for nurses, as reported by several projects. Both the need to relate to a new software tool and to the totally unknown domains of the standardized languages contributes to this. With an existing tool for care plan writing as basis, we have used the unified process to develop an improved tool, ... -
Wuthering heights: Outcomes from pancreatic surgery and trends in treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Norway in a post-centralization era
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-10-22)<p><i>Aim:</i> The main aim of this thesis was to explore the contemporary outcomes of pancreatic surgery and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Norway seen in light of the centralization process and the volume-outcome relationship. <p><i>Methods:</i> We analysed three complete national patient cohorts using prospectively gathered data from national medical quality registries. The ... -
Xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 regulates procoagulant platelet polyphosphate
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-09-15)Polyphosphate is a procoagulant inorganic polymer of linear-linked orthophosphate residues. Multiple investigations have established the importance of platelet polyphosphate in blood coagulation; however, the mechanistic details of polyphosphate homeostasis in mammalian species remain largely undefined. In this study, xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 (XPR1) regulated polyphosphate in ... -
Yersinia enterocolitica: A Follow-up of the Outbreak in the Norwegian Armed Forces in 2014
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-28)Introduction - In the spring of 2014, there was an outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) gastroenteritis in four Norwegian military camps—the largest outbreak ever reported in Norway. YE is usually transmitted via food, and the gastrointestinal disease caused by the bacterium is considered a public health problem in several countries. Common symptoms of YE gastroenteritis are abdominal pain, ... -
Yes, health is important, but as much for its importance via social life: The direct and indirect effects of health on subjective well‐being in chronically ill individuals
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-29)There is an increasing evidence that health‐related quality of life, income, and social relationships are important to our subjective well‐being (SWB). Little is known, however, about the specific indirect pathways that link health to SWB via social relationships and income. On the basis of a unique data set of 7 disease groups from 6 OECD‐countries (N = 6,173), we investigate the direct and indirect ... -
Yngre barns deltakelse i egen barnevernssak. «Æ kan jo også få være med å bestemme litt!»
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-15)Jeg har gjennomført 11 kvalitative forskningsintervju med seks barn i alderen 7-11 år. Tema har vært barnas deltakelse i egen barnevernssak. I intervjuene har jeg brukt elementer fra den dialogiske barnesamtalen ( DCM). Intervjuene er analysert og tolket ut fra ulike teoretiske perspektiver på deltakelse. Barna omtaler sin kontaktperson og sin deltakelse i møter i positive ordelag. Dette til tross ...