Chronic wounds are often colonized with biofilm-producing bacteria, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, and these wounds often have high degree of complexity and are often challenging to treat. There is a high resistance to the traditional antimicrobial treatments and that is why these infections sometimes are persistent. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is proposed as a potential solution to the problems ...

Infected chronic skin wounds and other skin infections are increasingly putting pressure on the health care providers and patients. The pressure is especially concerning due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-producing bacteria that further impair treatment success. Therefore, innovative strategies for wound healing and bacterial eradication are urgently needed; utilization ...

Vaginal infections are associated with high recurrence, which is often due to a lack of efficient treatment of complex vaginal infections comprised of several types of pathogens, especially fungi and bacteria. Chitosan, a mucoadhesive polymer with known antifungal effect, could offer a great improvement in vaginal therapy; the chitosan-based nanosystem could both provide antifungal effects and ...

Antimicrobial resistance in skin injury infections is becoming a rising problem as more conventional antimicrobials become ineffective in resistant infections. Therefore, developing novel effective antimicrobials while promoting wound healing is urgently needed. Membrane-active antimicrobials, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), display promising antimicrobial activity, and could potentially solve ...

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), the most common ocular disease in ruminants worldwide, has affected semi-domesticated Eurasian reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus tarandus</i>) for over 100 years, both as individual cases and in outbreaks affecting tens to hundreds of animals. Recurrent IKC outbreaks have been affecting a semi-domesticated reindeer herd in Östra Kikkejaure (Norrbotten county, ...

The principle of respect for autonomy has shaped much of the bioethics' discourse over the last 50 years, and is now most commonly used in the meaning of respecting autonomous choice. This is probably related to the influential concept of informed consent, which originated in research ethics and was soon also applied to the field of clinical medicine. But while available choices in medical research ...

Cholesterol crystals are known to be a hallmark of atherosclerosis with recent studies demonstrating deposition of these crystals in early fatty streak formation as well as penetrating the intima following plaque rupture. Inflammation has also become a central focus in atheroma development and endothelial cell activation is recognized as necessary for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the ...

Abstract Background: In prenatal diagnosis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has not yet fully replaced conventional karyotyping. As CMA is able to detect smaller genomic imbalances compared to conventional karyotyping, it has become the first-tier test in pregnancies with ultrasound abnormalities. Objectives/aims: The aim of the study was to learn about CMA and its appliance in invasive ...

Chronic hepatitis C: Epidemiology, viral resistance, and public health implications Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The infection is frequently asymptomatic, leaving many infected individuals unaware of the diagnosis until complications occur. The total number of HCV infections is projected to remain stable or to decline, but the ...

Chronic kidney disease is a common complication and concomitant condition of diabetes mellitus. The treatment of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease, including intensive control of blood sugar and blood pressure, has been very similar for type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. New therapeutic targets have shown promising results and may lead to more specific treatment options for patients ...