Blar i tittel Institutt for psykologi

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    • Toward a model-based cognitive neuroscience of mind wandering 

      Hawkins, Guy; Mittner, Matthias; Boekel, W; Heathcote, A; Forstmann, Birte U (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-12-03)
      People often ‘‘mind wander” during everyday tasks, temporarily losing track of time, place, or current task goals. In laboratory-based tasks, mind wandering is often associated with performance decrements in behavioral variables and changes in neural recordings. Such empirical associations provide descriptive accounts of mind wandering – howit affects ongoing task performance – but fail to ...

    • Tracking changes in spatial frequency sensitivity during natural image processing in school age: an event-related potential study 

      Rokszin, Adrienn A; Gyori-Dani, Dora; Bacsi, Janos; Nyúl, László G; Csifcsak, Gabor (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-09)
      Several studies have shown that behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of processing visual images containing low or high spatial frequency (LSF or HSF) information undergo development after early childhood. However, the maturation of spatial frequency sensitivity in school-age has been investigated using abstract stimuli only. The aim of the current study was to assess how LSF and HSF ...

    • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation above the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Facilitates Decision-Making following Periods of Low Outcome Controllability 

      Csifcsak, Gabor; Bjørkøy, Jorunn; Kuyateh, Sarjo; Reithe, Haakon; Mittner, Matthias (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-25)
      Recent studies suggest that choice behavior in reinforcement learning tasks is shaped by the level of outcome controllability. In particular, Pavlovian bias (PB) seems to be enhanced under low levels of control, manifesting in approach tendencies toward rewards and response inhibition when facing potential losses. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated both in evaluating outcome ...

    • Transcranial direct current stimulation as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial 

      Bystad, Martin Kragnes; Grønli, Ole Kristian; Rasmussen, Ingrid Daae; Gundersen, Nina; Nordvang, Lene; Wang-Iversen, Henrik A.S.; Aslaksen, Per M. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-03-23)
      <p><i>Background:</i> The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on verbal memory function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. <p><i>Methods:</i> We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which tDCS was applied in six 30-minute sessions for 10 days. tDCS was delivered to the left temporal cortex with 2-mA intensity. ...

    • Transkranial likestrømstimulering (tDCS) forbedrer verbalt gjenkjenningsminne hos pasienter med Alzheimers sykdom 

      Dahl Myrvang, Anna (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-05-02)
      Alzheimers sykdom (AS) er den vanligste demenssykdommen, og rammer en stor del av den eldre befolkningen. Sykdommen medfører kognitiv svekkelse, spesielt hukommelsesvansker. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), på norsk Transkraniell likestrømstimulering, er en nevromodulasjonsteknikk som kan påvirke aktiviteten i korteks ved at nevroners hvilemembranpotensiale endres. Ved hjelp av ...

    • Transkranial likestrømstimulering (tDCS) som behandling for smerter hos fibromyalgipasienter: en placebokontrollert randomisert dobbeltblind studie. 

      Tjeldnes, Maria Svartsund; Ekeland, Andrea (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-05-02)
      Fibromyalgi er et kronisk smertesyndrom kjennetegnet av vedvarende smerter og er sett på som en stor helsemessig utfordring. Verken behandlingsmetoder eller patofysiologi er fullstendig kartlagt, men nyere forskning indikerer at sentralnervøse dysfunksjoner kan være en av årsakene til lidelsen. Transkraniell likestrømstimulering (tDCS) er en ikke-invasiv hjernestimuleringsteknikk som har vist seg ...

    • Transkraniell likestrømsstimulering og Alzheimers sykdom: Forholdet mellom kognitiv prestasjon og vanndiffusjon i hvit substans 

      Ballovarre, Hanne-Elise Stenseth; Bø, Kristiane Vollum (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-04-30)
      Formålet med oppgaven var å undersøke effekten av anodal high definition (HD)-tDCS over venstre dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hos pasienter med Alzheimers sykdom. Utfallsmål var prestasjoner på tester for oppmerksomhet, utsatt hukommelse og på Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status total indeksskåre. Diffusjons tensor avbildning ble også benyttet for mål på fraksjonell ...

    • Traumekartlegging av Barn og Unge med ADHD i en BUP-Populasjon 

      Storøy, Hanne; Kaspersen, Line Iren (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-05-01)
      Mange barn og ungdom i Norge blir utsatt for vold og overgrep. Det foreligger til dels stor diskrepans mellom opplevde og rapporterte traumer innen psykisk helsevesen. Forskning har vist at hvordan behandlere kartlegger for traumehistorikk er avgjørende for hvorvidt pasienten rapporterer traumer. Fokus for denne studien var å undersøke kartleggingsrutiner for traumer i en ADHD-populasjon under ...

    • Traumer og stressende livserfaringer - en kvalitativ studie om komorbid psykisk helse etter hjerteinfarkt 

      Aasebøstøl, Ida Eline; With, Kristine Maria (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-12-12)
      Bakgrunn: Formålet med studien var å få en dypere forståelse av forskningsspørsmålet «Hvordan er hjerteinfarkt assosiert med komorbid psykisk helse?». Hensikten var å utvikle kunnskap om hvordan hjerteinfarkt kan oppleves traumatisk og hvordan man kan fange opp, forebygge og tilby behandling til mennesker som har behov for psykisk helsehjelp. Metode: For å utforske dette benyttet vi oss av kvalitativ ...

    • Treatment Effects of Therapeutic Interventions for Gaming Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 

      Danielsen, Paul Ante (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-12-12)
      The prevalence of gaming disorder (GD) is assumed to be between 2% - 5%. The treatment effect of different therapeutic interventions of GD has not been studied extensively. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to identify all clinical GD-studies with a control group, determine the effect of the interventions and examine moderators. Clinical studies applying a form of therapeutic intervention ...

    • Treatment effects on compulsive exercise and physical activity in eating disorders 

      Mathisen, Therese Fostervold; Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Friborg, Oddgeir; Pettersen, Gunn; Vrabel, Kari-Anne; Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-12-13)
      Background:<br> Dysfunctional thoughts- and use of physical activity (PA) are core symptoms of the eating disorders (ED) bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). The compulsive desire for PA complicates a favourable treatment outcome; hence, regular, adapted PA led by personnel with competence in exercise science is rarely part of treatment of BN and BED. The present study compared ...

    • The treatment of PTSD in an older adult Norwegian woman using narrative exposure therapy: a case report 

      Mørkved, Nina; Thorp, Steven R. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-16)
      The bulk of the literature on effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has focused on children, adolescents, and young adults. The evidence on treatments for older adults is sparse. This case report presents the application of narrative exposure therapy (NET) for a 70-year-old Norwegian woman suffering from PTSD as a result of multiple childhood and late life traumatic events. ...

    • Triadic interaction and gestural communication: Hierarchical and child-centered interactions of rural and urban gujarati (Indian) caregivers and 9-month-old infants 

      Abels, Monika (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-07-23)
      In this study 9-month-old infants in rural and urban Gujarat, India were compared in how frequently and in which way they engage in triadic interactions. It was assumed that urban caregivers would engage in a child-centered interaction style, frequently creating triadic interactions and following infants’ signals. It was also expected that they would engage in more gestural communication in line ...

    • The Tromso Infant Faces Database (TIF): development, validation and application to assess parenting experience on clarity and intensity ratings 

      Maack, Jana Kristin; Bohne, Agnes; Nordahl, Dag; Livsdatter, Lina; Lindahl, Åsne; Øvervoll, Morten; Wang, Catharina Elisabeth Arfwedson; Pfuhl, Gerit (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2017-03-24)
      Newborns and infants are highly depending on successfully communicating their needs; e.g., through crying and facial expressions. Although there is a growing interest in the mechanisms of and possible influences on the recognition of facial expressions in infants, heretofore there exists no validated database of emotional infant faces. In the present article we introduce a standardized and freely ...

    • A two-lab direct replication attempt of Southgate, Senju and Csibra (2007) 

      Kampis, D.; Kármán, P.; Csibra, G.; Southgate, V.; Hernik, M. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-25)
      The study by Southgate et al. (2007 Psychol. Sci.18, 587–592. (doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01944.x)) has been widely cited as evidence for false-belief attribution in young children. Recent replication attempts of this paradigm have yielded mixed results: several studies did not replicate the original findings, raising doubts about the suitability of the paradigm to assess non-verbal action prediction ...

    • A two-stage cognitive theory of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Highlighting the role of lowered decision thresholds 

      Moritz, Steffen; Pfuhl, Gerit; Luedtke, Thies; Menon, Mahesh; Balzan, Ryan P; Andreou, Christina (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      <b>Objectives:</b> We outline a two-stage heuristic account for the pathogenesis of the positive symptoms of psychosis. <b>Methods:</b> A narrative review on the empirical evidence of the liberal acceptance (LA) account of positive symptoms is presented. <b>Hypothesis:</b> At the heart of our theory is the idea that psychosis is characterized by a lowered decision threshold, which results in ...

    • Ubevisst aktivering av betinget smerteresponser og spatiale frekvenser 

      Jakobsen, Karoline Sofie Berg; Ahlquist, Elisabeth (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-12-14)
      Bakgrunn: Kroniske smerte har de siste årene blitt mer utbredt, men kunnskapen om kroniske smerter er fortsatt lav. Sentralnervesystemet (SNS) sees på som viktig i forhold til forståelse av slike smerter. SNS bruker endogen smertemodulering for å redusere eller forsterke smerten et individ opplever. Nyere forskning viser at endogen smertemodulering kan påvirkes av ubevisste mekanismer, men hvordan ...

    • Ungdom med psykiske helseplager i videregående opplæring: En kvantitativ studie på betydningen av tid og hjelp for frafall 

      Hope, Wibecke Nederhagen (Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-12-11)
      En fjerdedel av ungdommene som starter videregående opplæring (VGO) avslutter uten å ha fullført fem år etter oppstart, noen av dem på grunn av psykiske helseplager. Ingen har hittil undersøkt hvilken betydning ekstra tid eller formell hjelp mot psykiske helseplager har for frafallsraten. Data er hentet fra prosjektet UngVilje hvor ungdom besvarte spørsmål om deres livssituasjon ved oppstart av VGO ...

    • Unintentional response priming from verbal action–effect instructions 

      Damanskyy, Yevhen; Martiny-Huenger, Torsten; Parks-Stamm, Elizabeth J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-02)
      Action–effect learning is based on a theoretical concept that actions are associated with their perceivable consequences through bidirectional associations. Past research has mostly investigated how these bidirectional associations are formed through actual behavior and perception of the consequences. The present research expands this idea by investigating how verbally formulated action–effect ...

    • Uptake and adherence of a self-directed internet-based mental health intervention with tailored e-mail reminders in senior high schools in Norway 

      Lillevoll, Kjersti; Vangberg, Hans Christian Bones; Griffiths, Kathleen; Waterloo, Knut; Eisemann, Martin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Background Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) is a promising approach to the prevention and reduction of depressive symptoms among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of disseminating a self-directed internet-based mental health intervention (MoodGYM) in senior high schools. It also sought to investigate possible effects of tailored and weekly ...