• AvaLife—A New Multi-Disciplinary Approach Supported by Accident and Field Test Data to Optimize Survival Chances in Rescue and First Aid of Avalanche Patients 

      Genswein, Manuel; Macias, Darryl; McIntosh, Scott; Reiweger, Ingrid; Hetland, Audun; Paal, Peter (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-26)
      Snow sports in the backcountry have seen a steep increase in popularity, and therefore preparedness for efficient companion and organized rescue is important. While technical rescue skills are widely taught, there is a lack of knowledge regarding first aid for avalanche patients. The stressful and time-critical situation for first responders requires a rule-based decision support tool. AvaLife ...
    • Communicating public avalanche warnings – what works? 

      Engeset, Rune; Pfuhl, Gerit; Landrø, Markus; Mannberg, Andrea; Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-20)
      Like many other mountainous countries, Norway has experienced a rapid increase in both recreational winter activities and fatalities in avalanche terrain during the past few decades: during the decade 2008–2017, 64 recreational avalanche fatalities were recorded in Norway. This is a 106% increase from that of the previous decade. In 2013, Norway therefore launched the National Avalanche Warning ...
    • Feeling and Thinking about It Are Two Different Things: How to Capture Momentary Emotions of Extreme Sports in the Field 

      Hetland, Audun (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-24)
      To learn about extreme sports and what motivates such activities, we need to understand the emotions embedded in the experience itself. However, how we go about assessing these emotions might provide us with very different answers. An experience is a fleeting and ever-changing phenomenon, rich in detail and filled with nuances. What we remember and, therefore, what we are able to report from our ...
    • Feeling the extreme : an exploratory study of experienced emotions during extreme sport 

      Hetland, Audun (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2009-11-17)
      In the current study 13 BASE-jumpers and 18 skydivers reported their emotions immediately after a jump and after a 24 hours delay, using verbal (Likert-like scales) and visual (Feelometer) emotional report. Heart rate measures were also collected during, and 24 hours after the jump. The Feelometer is a newly developed tool enabling the participants to give a moment-to-moment report from a particular ...
    • Skiing and thinking about it: Moment-to-moment and retrospective analysis of emotions in an extreme sport 

      Hetland, Audun; Vittersø, Joar; Bø Wie, Simen Oscar; Kjelstrup, Eirik Refsnes; Mittner, Matthias; Dahl, Tove Irene (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-06-20)
      Happiness is typically reported as an important reason for participating in challenging activities like extreme sport. While in the middle of the activity, however, participants do not seem particularly happy. So where does the happiness come from? The article proposes some answers from a study of facially expressed emotions measured moment-by-moment during a backcountry skiing event. Self-reported ...
    • The thrill of speedy descents: A pilot study on differences in facially expressed online emotions and retrospective measures of emotions during a downhill mountain-bike descent 

      Hetland, Audun; Kjelstrup, Eirik Refsnes; Mittner, Matthias; Vittersø, Joar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-02)
      When extreme sport athletes explain the engagement behind their taxing and risky endeavors, they often refer to the happiness generated by the activities. However, during the activity, these athletes seem neither pleased nor happy. This article proposes some answers from a study of facially expressed emotions measured moment by moment during downhill mountain biking. Self-reported emotions were ...