Gaussian process regression (GPR) has experienced tremendous success in biophysical parameter retrieval in the past years. The GPR provides a full posterior predictive distribution so one can derive mean and variance predictive estimates, i.e., point-wise predictions and associated confidence intervals. GPR typically uses translation invariant covariances that make the prediction function very ...

Banks collect data x₁ in loan applications to decide whether to grant credit and accepted applications generate new data x₂ throughout the loan period. Hence, banks have two measurement-modalities, which provide a complete picture about customers. If we can generate x₂ conditioned on x₁ keeping the relationship between these two modalities, credit and ...

Lower-thermospheric winds at high latitudes during moderately-disturbed geomagnetic conditions were studied using data obtained with the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Kiruna-Sodankylä-Tromsø (KST) ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radar system on 9–10 September 2004. The antenna-beam configuration was newly designed to minimize the estimated measurement error of the vertical neutralwind speed in the ...

Here we demonstrate how to get adhesion force maps with an amplitude-modulation AFM in tapping mode. Our method is tapping mode but it is carried out at ultra-small amplitudes in the presence of surface water layers. The tip is made to vibrated under the water layer in what we call Small Amplitude Small Set-point AM AFM. We show how this is done with an example based on the Cypher scanning probe ...

Using a large data set of ground-based GNSS scintillation observations coupled with in situ particle detector data, we perform a statistical analysis of both the input energy flux from precipitating particles, and the observed occurrence of density irregularities in the northern hemisphere cusp. By examining trends in the two data sets relating to geomagnetic activity, we conclude that observations ...

A layer-by-layer deposition method for producing dual-layer ultrasonic transducers from piezoelectric copolymers has been developed. The method uses a combination of customized and standard processing to obtain 2D array transducers with electrical connection of the individual elements routed directly to the rear of the substrate. A numerical model was implemented to study basic parameters effecting ...

In the yearlong MOSAIC expedition (2019-2020) R/V Polarstern drifted with sea ice through the Arctic Ocean, with the goal to continually monitor changes in the coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere system throughout the seasons. A substantial amount of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images overlapping the campaign was collected. Here, we investigate the change in polarimetric features over sea ice ...

<i>Introduction</i>: The invention of fluorescence based super-resolution optical microscopy, commonly referred to as optical nanoscopy, has provided a glimpse of its future impacts on life science and medical care. Optical nanoscopy enables study of sub-cellular nanoscale biological systems in living cells, which in past was limited to electron microscopy (in fixed cells). Optical nanoscopy provide ...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) is commonly used in single molecule localization based super-resolution microscopy as it gives enhanced contrast due to optical sectioning. The conventional approach is to use high numerical aperture microscope TIRF objectives for both excitation and collection, severely limiting the field of view and throughput. We present a novel approach to generating ...

<p><i>Significance:</i> High temporal stability, wavelength independency, and scalable field of view (FOV) are the primary requirements of a quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) system. The high temporal stability of the system provides accurate measurement of minute membrane fluctuations of the biological cells that can be an indicator of disease diagnosis. <p><i>Aim:</i> The main aim of this work ...