In this paper we investigate the potential of melt pond fraction retrieval from X-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) on drifting first-year sea ice. Melt pond fractions retrieved from a helicopter-borne camera system were compared to polarimetric features extracted from four dual-polarimetric X-band SAR scenes, revealing significant relationships. The correlations were strongly dependent ...

Waveguide chip-based microscopy reduces the complexity of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, and adds features like large field of view illumination, decoupling of illumination and collection path and easy multimodal imaging. However, for the technique to become widespread there is a need of low-loss and affordable waveguides made of high-refractive index material. Here, ...

Utilizing several Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions will provide a data set with higher temporal resolution. It is of great importance to understand the difference between various available sensors and polarization modes and to consider how to homogenize the data sets for a following combined analysis. In this study, a uniform and consistent analysis across different SAR missions is carried ...

We study the dynamics of seeded plasma blobs and depletions in an (effective) gravitational field. For incompressible flows, the radial center of mass velocity of blobs and depletions is proportional to the square root of their initial cross-field size and amplitude. If the flows are compressible, this scaling holds only for ratios of amplitude to size larger than a critical value. Otherwise, the ...

In summer 2013 the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign was conducted at the Andøya Space Center (ACS) in northern Norway (69 N, 16 E). Among other things, it addressed the question of the variability in mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) turbulence, both in time and space. A unique feature of the WADIS project was multi-point turbulence sounding applying different measurement techniques including ...

In this paper we make several observations on the Gram- Charlier and Edgeworth series, which are methods for modeling and approximating probability density functions.We present a simplified derivation which highlights both the similarity and the differences of the series expansions, that are often obscured by alternative derivations. We also introduce a reformulation of the Edgeworth series ...

The auto-correlation function and the frequency power spectral density due to a super-position of uncorrelated exponential pulses are considered. These are shown to be independent of the degree of pulse overlap and thereby the intermittency of the stochastic process. For constant pulse duration and a one-sided exponential pulse shape, the power spectral density has a Lorentzian shape which is flat ...

We study the modification effects of the high-latitude ionospheric F region induced by a highpower O-mode HF radio wave injected towards the magnetic zenith, at frequencies near the fifth and sixth electron gyroharmonics using the EISCAT/Heating facility. Multi-instrument diagnostics with the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar (930 MHz) at Tromsø, Norway, the CUTLASS coherent radar at Hankasalmi, ...

A simple analytically solvable model for blobs in magnetized plasmas is proposed. The model gives results for a scaling of the blob velocity with the amplitude of the density perturbation. Limiting cases are considered: one where the plasma motion is strictly perpendicular to an externally imposed toroidal magnetic field, and one where the electrons can move along magnetic field lines to compensate ...

The high-power HF (high-frequency) facility (commonly known as Heating) near Tromsø, Norway, which is an essential part of the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association, has been upgraded in certain key areas in recent years. It is one of only four similar facilities in the world operating at present. An updated description of the facility is given, together with scientific motivation and ...