Blar i forfatter Artikler, rapporter og annet (språk og kultur) "Krämer, Martin"

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    • Alignment and locality in the typology of affixing language games 

      Krämer, Martin; Vogt, Barbara (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-30)
      This paper contributes to the discussion around the (extra-)grammatical status of language games (or ludlings). We collected over 60 games which are based on the affixation of a dummy morpheme, which is infixed and iterated in most cases. While some are obviously reduplicative, closer investigation reveals that all the games involving iterativity function like reduplication. Our optimality-theoretic ...

    • Complex onsets and coda markedness in Persian 

      Krämer, Martin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-30)
      This paper argues for the Coda Condition to be a universal set of violable constraints on the basis of new vowel epenthesis data from Persian (Farsi). Vowel insertion in L2 phonology, loanwords, and nonce-words is driven by a strict ban on consonant clusters in syllable onsets. The choice between anaptyxis and prothesis is determined by the Coda Condition. As there is no detectable evidence for ...

    • Current issues and directions in Optimality Theory — Constraints and their interaction 

      Krämer, Martin (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2018)
      This chapter provides a detailed outline of the types of constraint interaction that have been proposed by phonologists working in Optimality Theory (OT), demonstrating that constraints can be organized and interact in a wide variety of ways. It addresses the issue of the content or formalization of constraints, including functional grounding. OT was conceived as a generative theory of constraint ...

    • Diphthongs are micro-feet: Prominence and sonority in the nucleus 

      Golston, Chris; Krämer, Martin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      In this paper we look at prominence in diphthongs and argue that diphthongs are structured in the same way metrical feet are. We propose a set of OT constraints that generates a typology of micro-feet. These are either iambic or trochaic or they are quality/sonority-sensitive with default to iamb or trochee in case of sonority plateaus (i.e., <i>ui</i> and <i>iu</i>). Crucially, we did not find any ...

    • Domains and directionality in Kinande vowel harmony: a Correspondence approach 

      Downing, Laura J.; Krämer, Martin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-03-30)
      The ATR vowel harmony patterns observed in Kinande have received persistent attention for their combination of stem control and dominance, as well as less familiar phenomena such as dominance reversal and cross-word harmony. This paper provides a Syntagmatic Correspondence analysis of the Kinande vowel harmony system and demonstrates that it straightforwardly accounts for the intricate interaction ...

    • The Holographic Principle: Typological analysis using lower dimensions 

      Merchant, Nazarré; Krämer, Martin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      A moderately complex factorial typology may consist of tens or hundreds of languages which can opaquely encode linguistically salient categories and generalizations. We propose in this paper that these complex typologies can be decomposed and understood using what we call the holographic principle: a large typology can be projected onto simplified versions of itself which can be completely ...

    • Nasal consonants, sonority, and syllable phonotactics: the dual nasal hypothesis 

      Krämer, Martin; Zec, Draga (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-28)
      We investigate the phonotactic behaviour of nasal consonants in a database of over 200 languages. Our findings challenge the common classification of nasals as intermediate between obstruents and liquids on the sonority hierarchy. Instead, we propose that there are two types of nasal consonants, one group with lower sonority than liquids and one with higher sonority. We propose that these two types ...

    • On exceptional stress assignment in Latvian: the case of prefixes 

      Fábregas, Antonio; Krämer, Martin; Vulane, Anna (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-09)
      In this article, we examine some previously understudied exceptions to the generalization that Latvian assigns stress to the left-most syllable in a prosodic word, specifically those that involve prefixation. We will show that these apparent exceptions in stress assignment follow from the internal structural properties of the word and are a result of attaching the prefix outside the domain where ...

    • On the (in)fissibility of intervocalic consonants in Norwegian and German: Evidence from a word game 

      Krämer, Martin; Vogt, Barbara (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      The syllabification of word- or morpheme-internal consonants, especially those preceded by short vowels, in Germanic languages has been subject to various analyses and there is generally not much consensus on the analysis of single string-internal consonants in these languages. This paper presents the results of a study based on a word game, carried out with German and Norwegian subjects, ...

    • On the representation and selection of exponents 

      Fabregas, Antonio; Krämer, Martin; McFadden, Thomas (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      This article provides the reader with a general introduction to the main issues in the study of the lexicon, setting the context in which the articles presented in this volume appear. We concentrate on three questions that we consider crucial for a study of listedness: what is listed, how it is listed and how alternation and variation are expressed. We address these issues in the three main areas ...

    • Perspectives on Palatalization 

      Krämer, Martin; Urek, Olga (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-08-31)
      In this article we provide a discussion of the definition of palatalization as a phonological phenomenon, its crosslinguistic variation, phonetic or functional grounding and phonetic (un)naturalness of palatalization, and theoretical approaches to palatalization patterns. After providing this background to the collection of articles in this special issue of Glossa we will give an overview of the ...

    • Variation and change in Italian phonology: On the mutual dependence of grammar and lexicon in Optimality Theory 

      Krämer, Martin (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2016-12-01)
      In this paper I discuss the influence of language acquisition and borrowing on the reorganisation of grammar and lexicon in the development from Latin into Italian. We will have a look at the historical sequencing of the introduction of new phonological processes, velar palatalization, mid vowel breaking, and lateral palatalization, and how they conspire to create new contrasts or reintroduce contrasts ...

    • Why prefixes (almost) never participate in vowel harmony 

      Fábregas, Antonio; Krämer, Martin (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-06)
      One of the most common ways of morphological marking is affixation, morphemes are classified according to their position. In languages with affixal morphology, suffixes and prefixes are the most common types of affixes. Despite several proposals, it has been impossible to identify solid generalisations about the behaviour of prefixes, in opposition to suffixes. This article argues that the reason ...