Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Recent submissions
Now showing items 541-560 of 723
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Personality characteristics, depression and the use of an Internet-based intervention among high-school students.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-10-29)Adolescent depression represents a substantial burden, both for the youth affected and the surrounding family and has poor prognosis when onset is early. Among adolescents, early onset of depression predicts severe and persistent psychopathology in adult life and potential gains from preventing depressive disorders are considerable. This thesis investigated several aspects regarding the dissemination ... -
Human biomonitoring of perfluoroalkyl substances and cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes Concentrations in plasma, serum and whole blood from pregnant, delivering or postmenopausal women, and cord blood
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-10-25)Mennesker eksponeres for en rekke miljøgifter gjennom diett og ved bruk av produkter som er ment til å forbedre hverdagen. Kartlegging av eksponering er viktig for å kunne iverksette tiltak som reduserer denne. Vi har undersøkt mengden perfluoroalkyl forbindelser i blodet til fødende kvinner bosatt i Sør Afrika, by beliggende i arktisk del av Russland og landsbygda i Usbekistan. Konklusjonen er at ... -
Clinical Nursing Terminology as Information Infrastructure : a socio-technical approach towards process oriented systems
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-10-30)Abstract This work deals with a socio-technical approach towards the implementation and use of ICT systems in health care. I have highlighted important initiatives that support the development of process oriented EPR systems in Norway through interpretive case studies with focus on standards in nursing and the secondary use of information. In short, information infrastructure has been used as a ... -
Ensuring valid and reliable data for quality control and research from a clinical registry for spine surgery.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-29)Bakgrunn Behovet for å kvalitetssikre kirurgisk behandling av rygglidelser og utvikle kliniske retningslinjer, er veldokumentert. Derfor ble Nasjonalt kvalitetsregister for ryggkirurgi opprettet. Metodene som brukes må være valide og reliable. Hensikten med avhandlingen var å evaluere målemetodene og å vise hvordan registerdata kan brukes til kvalitetssikring og forskning, slik at pasientbehandlingen ... -
Retinal vascular calibres: Risk factors and methodological aspects of retinal vascular imaging. The Tromsø Eye Study – a part of the Tromsø Study.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2014-02-06)Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death and morbidity in developed countries. The eye offers a unique window to the study of the microvasculature in vivo, which has been less investigated than the macrovasculature. We wanted to investigate the relationship between the traditional cardiovascular risk factors and retinal vascular calibres. Further, iron is a proposed cardiovascular risk factor ... -
Prediction of progression of ultrasound assessed carotid artery athersclerosis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2014-03-11)Atherosclerosis is an important underlying cause of cardiovascular disease and death. According to the World Health Organization’s Global Burden of Disease Study, ischemic heart disease and stroke combined killed 12.9 million people in 2010, or one in four deaths worldwide. Ultrasound of the carotid arteries can be used to assess the burden of atherosclerosis by measurements of intima-media thickness ... -
The construction of Sami identity, health, and old age in policy documents and life stories. A discourse analysis and a narrative study.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2014-01-17)During their lifetimes, the current cohort of elderly Sami in Norway witnessed tremendous social changes regarding the situation of the Sami people. The overall aim of the study was to explore how elderly Sami’s experiences of health and identity in old age are worked and expressed in the stories they tell about their lives. The thesis is based on a discourse analysis of Norwegian policy documents ... -
Selective processes for bioaccumulative up-take of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic food webs
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-21)The overall aim of the present study was to elucidate selective environmental up-take processes in Arctic food webs that lead to the bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POP) in food items consumed by Arctic indigenous people. In addition, this study aimed to increase the scientific understanding of the principles behind climate change related influences on transport processes of ... -
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections among adolescents in a high-incidence area in Norway: genotypes, prevalence, early sexual behaviour and testing patterns – a cross-sectional study The Finnmark High School Study (FHSS)
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-12-06)Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly reported curable sexually transmitted infection in Western high-income countries and can cause severe female reproductive tract morbidity. Despite extensive control efforts, chlamydia rates have increased in most countries since the mid-1990s. Young persons and especially adolescent girls have the highest infection rates. In general, girls are tested far ... -
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage – Interplay between host, microbe and the environment
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-20)Background: S. aureus colonizes persistently 20–30% of the adult human population (S. aureus carriers), and can also cause serious infections. The main objectives of this thesis were to investigate whether the modifiable risk factors such as serum vitamin D levels and obesity, and environmental factors such as current smoking, being a healthcare worker and residing with children were associated ... -
Oral health among children in the Barents region: study on determinants of child’s oral health, their oral related quality of life and quality of dental care
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-05-15)In most industrialised countries, children’s and adolescents’ oral health has improved during the past 15 years. This is especially the case in the Nordic and Western European countries. The aim of the present series of studies was to assess the dental status, its determinants and oral health related quality of life in 12-year olds children from two regions in the Barents area, in Northern Norway ... -
Associations between Primary Health Care- and Hospital Utilization among Elderly People in Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-12-11)Summary Background: Geographical variations in health-care utilization in many countries have been an area of debate. Health-care supply factors, population and/or environmental need factors might explain the so-called small-area variations (SAVs). Demographic forecasts indicated a significant increase in the elderly population over the next few decades, with a resulting increased need for ... -
Physiotherapy and professional clinical guidance in an out-patient clinic for people with multiple sclerosis : body and movement in sense making and professional development
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-08-30)Enkeltkonsultasjoner hos fysioterapeut og klinisk veiledning av kommunefysioterapeuter foregår i enkelte MS-poliklinikker. Målet for studien var å utvikle kunnskapsbasen for denne tjenesten med utgangspunkt i brukerperspektiv samt teorigrunnlaget for nevrologisk fysioterapi. Studien inkluderer en spørreundersøkelse blant 72 personer med multippel sklerose (PmMS), kvalitativt forskningsintervju ... -
Vertebral fractures: Prevalence, risk factors, and health-related quality of life. A cross-sectional study The Tromsø study 2007/2008
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-08)Summary Background: Osteoporotic fractures constitute a major health burden in western societies. Forearm, vertebral-, and hip fractures are the most common types. Norway has the highest reported prevalence of forearm- and hip fractures. Little data has been available concerning vertebral fractures, although these, together with the hip fractures, are associated with increased morbidity ... -
A population-based study of health care utilisation according to care level, socio-economic group, and continuity of primary care. The Tromsø Study.
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-01)Forskning på bruk av helsetjenester har ikke vært høyt prioritert i Norge. Kunnskap om forbruksmønstre i ulike befolkningsgrupper er derfor begrenset. I tre separate studier ønsket vi å estimere forbruket av sju ulike helsetjenester, utforske forbruket av helsetjenester i ulike sosioøkonomiske grupper, samt teste assosiasjonen mellom kontinuitet i fastlegerelasjonen og bruk av spesialisthelsetjenester. ... -
Social determinants of self-rated health and cardiovascular disease among the Sami and other Arctic indigenous peoples. The SLiCA study and the SAMINOR study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-07)The post-World War II years in the Arctic were characterised by an intensification of sociocultural change. Previous studies among indigenous peoples show that colonialism, rapid modernisation and subsequent marginalisation and sociocultural change are accompanied by overall ill health and a negative cardiovascular risk profile and disease burden. Paper I showed that aggregate acculturation was a ... -
Electronically available symptom data – usefulness and feasibility of syndromic surveillance and health care service improvements
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-10-11)Avhandlingen fokuserer på elektronisk tilgjengelige symptom data, nytte og gjennomførbarhet mht sykdomsovervåking og helsetjeneste forbedringer. To hovedspørsmål er adressert: 1. Er et nytt system for overvåkning av smittsomme sykdommer nødvendig, og i så tilfelle, hva er den mest pålitelige og egnede datakilden? Både data hentet fra EPJ-systemer, og pre-konsultasjon symptom-data rapportert av ... -
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries : risk factors, episiotomy characteristics, and pelvic floor dysfunction
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-11-14)Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are well known and serious complications of vaginal delivery. The incidence in Norway increased from below 1.0% in the 1960s to 4.3% in 2004. As a consequence a national strategy to reduce the number of OASIS was initiated by the Directorate for Health and Social affairs/National Advisory Committee for Obstetrics. As a part of this strategy an interventional ... -
Dyspepsia in the young adult patient: Management strategies in the era of declining Helicobacter pylori prevalence and increasing antimicrobial resistance
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-06-21)Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), followed by regular consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The occurrence of gastric cancer is very low below the age of 45-50 years and thus does not justify any kind of symptom-based endoscopic screening. H. pylori also plays a well-documented, but minor role in functional dyspepsia (FD). In ... -
Short Lytic Anticancer Peptides as a Novel Therapy against Cancer
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2013-09-06)Cancer is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, with a significant increase in the number of annual incidents. Concurrently, cancer-related therapy has been met with a number of challenges, such as toxic side effects and an increase in multi-drug resistant cancer cells, thereby spawning a need for new and improved therapies. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) are naturally occurring molecules ...