Doktorgradsavhandlinger (Helsefak): Nye registreringer
Viser treff 201-220 av 716
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Human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a alloimmunization - Why only blame it on the platelets?
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-01-15)Antibodies against human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a are the most common cause of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in Caucasians, and is a break of the tolerance normally seen for the fetus in pregnant women. The initiation of immunization is suggested to be feto-maternal transfer of platelets during pregnancy and at delivery, and one of the consequences of anti-HPA-1a antibodies ... -
Acute intermittent porphyria. Inflammation, diet and biomarkers in acute intermittent porphyria
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2021-01-22)Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disease with lowered function of the enzyme hydroxymethylbilan synthase due to mutation in this gene of the heme synthesis. The resulting excess of aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen can result in acute abdominal pain, paresis, fatigue, increased risk for kidney failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Some drugs, ... -
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a memory enhancer in healthy participants and patients with Alzheimer`s disease
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-12-18)<p>The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a memory enhancer in Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy individuals. In addition, we wanted to study how verbal memory functions are related to hippocampus subfield volumes. <p>This thesis consists of three reports, in which two of the reports (I and II) aimed to study the effects of ... -
Suicide among Sámi – Cultural meanings of suicide and interventions for suicide prevention in Nordic parts of Sápmi
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-12-17)<p><i>Background:</i> In suicidological research, it is well known that suicide rates differ, sometimes to a great extent, between countries, sexes, religious and ethnic populations. It has been suggested that in-depth exploration of social, cultural, contextual and historical perspectives on suicide is needed to explain this, and increase efficacy of prevention efforts. Sámi are the Indigenous ... -
Perinatal mortality and its association with antenatal care utilization in the Republic of Georgia
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-12-11)<p><i>Background:</i> Despite recent achievements, perinatal mortality (PM) rates remain high worldwide, especially in low-income countries (>30 per 1000 births). PM is defined as the death of a fetus/livebirth between 22 completed weeks of gestation and the first 7 days of life. Simple, non-invasive interventions could reduce PM rates, since most deaths are caused by preventable conditions. Adequate ... -
Arctic food biographies. An ethnographic study of food and health in everyday life of elderly Arctic women
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-12-04)<p>The aim of the ethnographic study described was to listen sensitively and give voice to elderly Arctic women’s personal food biographies and everyday experiences of living in small coastal towns and inland areas of Norway’s Circumpolar North, North West Russia and Greenland. These specified geographical contexts were selected because they have been the focus of the Arctic and Global Health research ... -
A Shotgun-metagenomics approach for laboratory diagnostics in clinical microbiology
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-11-12)Shotgun-metagenomics (SMg) has a huge potential, particularly in clinical microbiology where conventional diagnostic methods have limitations such as diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The main objective of this project was to explore the use of SMg in clinical diagnostics of PJI directly from blood culture bottles (BCBs) inoculated with PJT specimens. First, we assessed the use of a ... -
Dietary intake of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids and incidence, recurrence and mortality related to venous thromboembolism
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-11-27)Venøs tromboembolisme (VTE) er en fellesbetegnelse på dyp venetrombose (DVT) og lungeemboli (LE). VTE er en vanlig og alvorlig karsykdom hvor forekomsten har vært svakt økende de siste årene. Marine omega-3 fettsyrer (n-3 PUFAs) har flere gunstige effekter på hemostasemekanismen. Målet med denne doktorgradsavhandlingen var å undersøke sammenhengen mellom inntak av marine n-3 PUFAs i kosten og risikoen ... -
Sexual function and lifestyle behavior among lymphoma survivors after high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-10-22)<p><i>Background/Aims:</i> Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent malignancies among young persons. The survival rate is high, though comes with a risk of late effects including secondary cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic fatigue (CF). Some lymphoma patients require especially intensive treatment, high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (auto-SCT), to achieve ... -
The Metabolome and Lipidome of Ulcerative Colitis
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-10-09)The two major forms of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD), are characterized by a dysregulated mucosal immune response triggered by several genetic and environmental factors in the context of host-microbe interaction. This overwhelming complexity makes IBD ideal for metabolomic studies to unravel the disease pathobiology and to improve the patient ... -
Prognostic indicators of survival for patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in Norway. Outcomes in a retrospective, multicenter cohort, with special focus on oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, 2005-2009
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-10-08)Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is the most frequent of head and neck cancers, most being squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Within the oral cavity, the oral tongue is the most common site of cancer. These cancers are very aggressive, with poor survival. The treatment decision is based upon classifications of tumor (T), lymph node (N), and metastasis (M), although tumors with the same classification may act ... -
Telemedicine in remote orthopaedic consultations: A randomised controlled trial
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-09-25)Decentralised services using outreach clinics or modern technology are methods to reduce the patient burden by reducing transport time and costs to the health care system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of planned remote orthopaedic consultations with the help of videoconferences. From 2007 to 2012, we performed a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel groups: ... -
The Temporomandibular Joint in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, focusing on Quality of Life, Oral Microbiome and Intervention
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-10-02)The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is commonly involved in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and may lead to impaired mouth opening, pain and facial growth disturbances. Asymptomatic TMJ arthritis may be diagnosed late in the disease course, thus management is challenging. The overall objectives of this thesis were to provide new knowledge on quality of life (QoL), the oral microbiome and interventions ... -
Surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. The shift from Burch colposuspension to the retropubic tension-free vaginal tape procedure
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-09-25)Until the late 1990s, the Burch colposuspension was considered the gold standard for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and stress-dominated mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in women. In 1996, Ulmsten introduced the minimally invasive retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure, and the first case series reported high safety and effectiveness of this procedure at ... -
Medical case reports: Some theoretical and empirical perspectives
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-09-18)The medical case report (CR) is one of the oldest medical genres and it is still popular among clinicians. At the end of the 20th century medical journals gave priority to research articles with more advanced study designs. Following the advent of online publishing, a high number of CRs are now being published. We identify the various merits and limitations of the CR genre. Two important merits are ... -
Terrains of Uncertainty. Communicative Challenges of Medically Unexplained Illness in Youth
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-09-29)Persistent bodily symptoms without medical clarity creates many layers of uncertainty both for health professionals and for patients. In primary care, research has shown that clinical encounters of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are highly contentious, sometimes causing adverse effects. However, little is known about communicative challenges for adolescents in specialist health care settings; ... -
Patients' and therapists’ experiences with a new treatment for eating disorders, combining physical exercise and dietary therapy. An interview study
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-09-24)Eating disorders (EDs) are mental disorders were effective treatment may be essential for a good outcome. Previous research has shown that physical exercise and dietary therapy (PED-t) may alleviate symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge ED (BED). The aim of this study was to explore experiences with the PED-t. We interviewed 10 therapists and 20 women who participated and analysed the transcribed ... -
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Merkel Cell Carcinoma
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-09-04)Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. More than 80% of MCC have Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) clonally integrated into the human genome (VP-MCC) while the remaining 20% are virus negative (VN-MCC) but linked with chronic exposure to UV sunlight. MCC is particularly associated with immune suppression with 8-48 folds increase in incidence in immunosuppressive ... -
Understanding the Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Mind Wandering Through Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-08-28)The mind’s tendency to wander is an integral part of the human experience. Recent studies suggest that high-level cognitive functions such as mind wan- dering (MW) can be modulated by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). However, the effectiveness of tDCS in the cognitive domain remains an issue of debate. This thesis aimed to ... -
Trauma radiology in northern Norway
(Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2020-08-27)<p><i>Background: </i>This thesis focuses on diagnostic imaging in potentially severely injured patients admitted to the University Hospital of North Norway. Imaging is important for timely initiation of treatment and survival after trauma. The use of standardized whole body computer tomography (SWBCT) is increasing. However, the ionizing radiation used may cause a small risk for induction of cancer ...