Lake settlements, particularly crannogs, pose several contradictions—visible yet inaccessible, widespread yet geographically restricted, persistent yet vulnerable. To further our understanding, we developed the integrated use of palaeolimnological (scanning XRF, pollen, spores, diatoms, chironomids, Cladocera, microcharcoal, biogenic silica, SEM-EDS, stable-isotopes) and biomolecular (faecal ...

Most people, and some animals, are familiar with the whip’s properties. As a material object, it is a little thin stick. In the hands of a human, it can inflict fear and pain. Knowledge about pain qualities is deeply embedded in most human cultures. Its bare presence is often enough to scare and raise concerns about abuse. As such, the whip has tremendous powers – human use through thousands of ...

Progress in genome sequencing now enables the large-scale generation of reference genomes. Various international initiatives aim to generate reference genomes representing global biodiversity. These genomes provide unique insights into genomic diversity and architecture, thereby enabling comprehensive analyses of population and functional genomics, and are expected to revolutionize ...

Population size has increasingly been taken as the driver of past human environmental impact worldwide, and particularly in the Arctic. However, sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), pollen and archaeological data show that over the last 12,000 years, paleoeconomy and culture determined human impacts on the terrestrial ecology of Arctic Norway. The large Mortensnes site complex (Ceavccagea ¯dgi, 70◦N) ...

Psoroma femsjonense, long considered to be a synonym of P. hypnorum, is shown here to represent a distinct, misunderstood species. The collections seen are from the lowlands of southern Sweden, Denmark, Germany, the Czech Republic, and France. In these areas, the species has not been collected since 1945 and may prove to be regionally extinct from these countries. However, a report indicates that ...

Psoroma sphinctrinum var. crispellum has been considered a synonym of Pannaria implexa, but it is a distinct species, recombined here as P. crispella. It forms a thin, filmy thallus on tree trunks, and consists of rounded, confluent squamules surrounded by a distinct black prothallus. The apothecia are initially simple with a well-defined central thalline plug. However, the plug soon expands into ...

Formålet med denne artikkelsamlingen er å belyse viktige dimensjoner ved økt press på reindriftsarealer som følge av et grønt skifte, og noen av konsekvensene dette har for reindrifta og for samisk kultur. Det handler særlig om vindkraft på land, som skapte store bølger og folkebevegelser i forbindelse med utarbeidelse av en ny politikk for tildeling av konsesjoner for vindkraft. Med dette som ...

There has been demand in many countries for the establishment of small campuses in more rural locations to spread the benefits of higher education both through the provision of university courses and through the positive economic spill-overs for these communities. Evaluations of the impacts of these universities according to current models show limited effects due to their small scale and specialization. ...