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    • The Law of Shared Hydrocarbon Resources and the Question of Shared State Responsibility for Environmental Harm Arising from Their Cooperative Management 

      Ermolina, Natalia (Doctoral thesis; Doktorgradsavhandling, 2019-05-07)
      This thesis deals with the law of shared hydrocarbons – a body of general rules of international law governing the management of two categories of shared, common hydrocarbon resources: (a) hydrocarbon resources situated in maritime areas of overlapping claims, and (b) hydrocarbon resources straddling maritime boundaries between neighboring States. This thesis examines the rights and obligations ...

    • A Conceptual Framework for Complex Systems at the Crossroads of Food, Environment, Health, and Innovation 

      Poto, Margherita Paola (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-11-20)
      Climate-smart solutions and practices have the potential to contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of achieving zero hunger; ensuring healthy lives and promoting the wellbeing of humans, animals, and plants; reducing ocean overharvesting and overfishing; tackling climate change; driving economic growth; and promoting innovation. Achieving these goals will require searching for, ...

    • Institutional arrangements in a BBNJ treaty: Implications for Arctic marine science 

      Kraabel, Kristine Dalaker (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-01-09)
      The aim of this article is to explore the implications for Arctic marine science of the treaty that is being negotiated under the auspices of the United Nations for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) from the perspective of the necessary institutional arrangements. Given that the institutional architecture will be crucial ...

    • International Regulations and Guidelines on Transboundary Salmon Stocks: Case Study of the Tana River 

      Dahl, Irene Vanja (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-09)
      The year 2019 was “the international year of the salmon” (IYS). The overarching aim was “to inform and stimulate outreach and research that aspires to establish the conditions necessary to ensure the resilience of salmon and people throughout the Northern Hemisphere;” further, to bring people together, share and develop knowledge, raise awareness and take action. This article is intended as a ...

    • New Russian Legislative Approaches and Navigational Rights within the Northern Sea Route 

      Solski, Jan Jakub (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2021-12-13)
      <p>The regulation of foreign navigation in the Northern Sea Route (NSR) has been dominated by the rules of international law applicable to merchant ships only. Neither the domestic set of rules of navigation on the NSR, based on Article 234 of UNCLOS nor the Polar Code applies to State-owned vessels. While the application of Article 234 has so far let Russia evade discussion on the navigational ...

    • Celebrating Ten Years of Arctic Review 

      Ravna, Øyvind; Bankes, Nigel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-09)
      This article presents the editors' introduction to the ten-year anniversary issue of Arctic Review on Law and Politics, with a history of the journal and an overview of the issue's contents.2020 represents a milestone for Arctic Review on Law and Politics as it is 10 years since the first, slender issue of the journal was launched at the university bookstore in Tromsø, Norway, on 14 April 2010. ...

    • The Northern Sea Route in the 2010s: Development and Implementation of Relevant Law 

      Solski, Jan Jakub (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-09)
      The 2010s was a busy decade for the Northern Sea Route (NSR). It started with the first shipping season to feature the international use of the NSR for commercial purposes, followed by a significant reform of the domestic legal regime, as well as the adoption of the Polar Code. The traffic has gradually picked up, and although the expectations of a significant surge in trans-Arctic navigation have ...

    • Sámi Law: A Methodological Approach 

      Labba, Kristina (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-09)
      Sámi law is the law of the Indigenous Sámi people. The territory where Sámi have historically lived is called <i>Sápmi</i> and encompasses parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. This article builds on the premise that Sámi law exists in Sápmi, in parallel with national laws. However, in terms of methodology and content, the scope of research on Sámi law compared to research about Indigenous ...

    • Sami law and rights in Norway – with a focus on recent developments 

      Ravna, Øyvind (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2020-12-04)
      This chapter addresses the legal protection of the Sámi as Indigenous peoples in Norway and thus the laws that protect Sámi language, culture and way of life or, in other words, Sámi law. The chapter describes the development of Sámi law and Sámi legal protections over the past 30 years, with a primary focus on recent developments and current legal status. Through this review, the chapter summarises ...

    • Restitusjon og gjenoppretting i norsk urfolksrett 

      Ravna, Øyvind (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2020-11-19)
      Mange urfolk har over tid blitt fratatt betydelige deler av sine tradisjonelle landområder som følge av kolonisering, tvungen landavståelse, industrialisering og annen samfunnsutvikling. Retten til restitusjon eller gjenoppretting er i rettslig sammenheng det internasjonale rettssamfunnets regel for å reparere den urett folkegrupper er blitt utsatt for ved urettmessige beslag av landområder. I denne ...

    • Reflecting on the Role of the Arctic Council vis-à-vis a Future International Legally Binding Instrument on Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction 

      De Lucia, Vito; Nickels, Philipp Peter (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-09)
      Negotiations are ongoing to develop an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). If adopted, the ILBI will likely apply to parts of the Arctic Ocean where the Arctic Council has played an important role for ocean ...

    • Snow Crab in the Barents Sea: Managing a Non-native Species in Disputed Waters 

      Henriksen, Tore (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-09)
      The introduction of a new species to the Barents Sea raises questions as to the rights and duties of states under the law of the sea to exploit, manage and conserve the species. This paper discusses three of them. The first question is whether the snow crab qualifies as a sedentary species. The entitlements and competence of states in respect of living marine resources depend on the location and the ...

    • The Duty to Consult the Sámi in Norwegian Law 

      Ravna, Øyvind (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-12-09)
      This article deals with the duty to consult indigenous peoples and the obligation to involve these peoples in decision-making processes in matters that concern them. After a general review of international legislation and obligations, particularly the ILO Convention no. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, the article focuses on how these obligations are implemented towards the indigenous Sámi in ...

    • Felles foreldreansvar der mor ikke er gift eller bor sammen med barnets far – likestilling av foreldre som omsorgspersoner. En vurdering av lovendringen i barnelovens § 35 som trer i kraft 01.01.2020, med særlig vekt på hensynet til likestilt foreldreskap og hensynet til barnets beste. 

      Nordstrand, Sofie-Karoline (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-12-16)
      Etter gjeldende rett har mor foreldreansvaret alene når hun ikke er gift eller bor sammen med barnets far. Fra 01.01.2020 trer lovendringen av barnelovens § 35 i kraft, hvilket vil innebære automatisk felles foreldreansvar for alle. Lovendringen tar sikte på å likestille foreldrene som omsorgspersoner. Oppgavens hovedproblemstilling knytter seg til en vurdering av lovendringen, med særlig vekt på ...

    • Forbudet mot misbruk av innsideinformasjon, jf. vphl. § 3-3 jf. § 21-3 første ledd. Forståelsen av misbruksvilkåret i verdipapirhandelloven § 3-3 ved strafferettslige sanksjoner 

      Asokumar, Arthana (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-12-16)
      Avhandlingen tar for seg misbruk av innsideinformasjon. Hovedproblemstillingen i avhandlingen er om det er krav til årsakssammenheng mellom besittelse av innsideinformasjonen og transaksjonen, for at det skal foreligge misbruk av innsideinformasjon som kan sanksjoneres strafferettslig, jf. verdipapirhandelloven. § 3-3 jf. § 21-3 (1). Formålet med fremstillingen er å foreta en rettsdogmatisk analyse ...

    • Betydningen av EMDs praksis på straffeprosessens område: Med fokus på opplesning av tidligere avgitt vitneforklaring under hovedforhandling 

      Müller, Kjærstin Marthine (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-12-16)
      Temaet for avhandlingen er praksis fra Den europeiske menneskerettighetsdomstolens innvirkning på norsk straffeprosessrett. Problemstillingen er hvilken betydning EMDs praksis har, for adgangen til opplesning av tidligere avgitte vitneforklaringer under hovedforhandling. Avhandlingen tar for seg situasjoner hvor vitnet ikke møter til hovedforhandling, og situasjoner hvor vitnet møter, men nekter å ...

    • Betydningen av forvaltningens forhåndsuttalelser. Spesielt om grensen mellom veiledningsplikten og bindende forhåndstilsagn 

      Lockert, Ida Solfrid (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2019-12-16)
      Oppgaven tar sikte på å finne ut om det finnes en overlapp mellom veiledende uttalelser gitt i medhold av forvaltningsloven § 11 og den ulovfestede adgangen til bindende forhåndstilsagn. Oppgaven går først gjennom utstrekningen av fvl. § 11, og behandler herunder områder som det må tas særlig hensyn til i forbindelse med veiledning, som utledingsretten. Områder hvor veiledningsplikten strekker seg ...

    • What is the correct interpretation of the criterion "for private ends" in LOSC Art. 101? 

      Viksås, Helene (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-09-14)
      Piracy is the only crime in the world that is subject to truly universal jurisdiction, making its definition of great interest. The definition of piracy in UNCLOS contains five cumulative criterions which all have to be met in order to trigger this regime. One of these criterions, that the act must be conducted «for private ends», is subject to much debate in the international law community. The ...

    • Sanitary Jurisdiction of coastal and port States: A discussion on conflicting interests and reconciliation mechanisms 

      Gkikas, Nikolaos P. (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-09-14)
      The purpose of this study is to ascertain the legal aspects arising from the sanitary jurisdiction of coastal and port States against foreign merchant vessels navigating in areas under national jurisdiction. Through the interpretation of the relevant applicable law, accompanied by targeted subsidiary means, the study seeks to investigate to what extent a coastal State may interfere with the rights ...

    • A New Vessel on the Block. How the Law of the Sea Applies to Floating Nuclear Power Plants 

      Molinari, Elia (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2020-09-13)
      After the first of its kind Akademik Lomonosov was deployed by the Russian energy company Rosatom, one question loomed in the field of the Law of the Sea. How does the Law of the Sea apply to this unique new vessel? This thesis offers a legal doctrinal analysis of the existing international law that would apply to FNPPs during navigation in the maritime zones of other countries and in the high seas. ...