Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an imaging technique that, in comparison to confocal microscopy, does not require a trade-off between resolution, speed, and photodamage. Here, we introduce a waveguide platform for chip-based TIRF imaging based on a transparent substrate, which is fully compatible with sample handling and imaging procedures commonly used with a standard ...

Although the majority of exploration wells in the Barents Sea has encountered hydrocarbons, only two fields, the Snøhvit (gas) and Goliat (oil) fields are currently in production. The geological evolution of the area, including previous deep burial and subsequent exhumation, has contributed to the leakage of hydrocarbon from many traps. Understanding the timing of hydrocarbon generation and migration, ...

Over the last few years, the notion that links optical trapping with strong intensity of light (high energy photon) not only forced the modification of optical tweezer, but it also open up the door for evanescent wave field trapping. While optical tweezer is merely suitable for trapping micro-sized particles, trapping by evanescent field of a channel waveguide enables both micro and nanosized particles ...

This study provides first storm time observations of the westward-propagating medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), particularly, associated with characteristic subauroral storm time features, storm-enhanced density (SED), subauroral polarization stream (SAPS), and enhanced thermospheric westward winds over the continental US. In the four recent (2017–2019) geomagnetic storm ...

The mesopause region can be considered a "boundary region" between the neutral atmosphere, where atmospheric constituents and momentum are transported mainly by winds and turbulent eddies, and the ionosphere, where the main transport mechanism is molecular diffusion. In the mesopause, complex interactions between dynamics and photochemistry occur, and we are far from a complete understanding of these ...

During the Triassic, the Barents Sea Basin was filled with sediments from the Uralian and Caledonian mountain belts. High sediment yield and large river systems made progradation possible, resulting in an alluvial to deltaic plain stretching from the mountain belts in the south east to Spitsbergen in the north.This thesis focuses on the northwestern part of the Loppa High area, SW Barents Sea. The ...

The tectonic contact between the Nakkedal Nappe Complex and the Tromsø Nappe crops out NE of Tromsdalstind, 5 km E of Tromsø, Norway. Petrological- and structural analysis of the contact have been undertaken in order to contribute to a better understanding of the tectonometamorphic history of the Uppermost Allochton in the Scandianavian Caledonides. Methods such as P-T pseudosection analysis, ...

We present a seasonal climatology of tropopause altitude for 78° N 16° E derived from observations 2007–2010 by the SOUSY VHF radar on Svalbard. The spring minimum occurs one month later than that of surface air temperature and instead coincides with the maximum in ozone column density. This confirms similar studies based on radiosonde measurements in the arctic and demonstrates downward control by ...

The maritime industry is going towards implementing digital navigators, i.e., AI created by machine learning algorithms, on autonomous vessels in the future. Digital navigators can be developed by utilizing machine learning algorithms, e.g., deep learning type neural networks trained by data sets from human navigators. Even though there is significant importance in studying the trustworthiness of ...

Explicit calculations of vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials of cyclopropane derivatives with modern DFT methods have underscored the possibility of unusually large reorganization energies (defined as the difference between vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials) of 0.5–1.0 eV for several compounds. Such is the case for ionization of the twist-bent σ-bond of trans-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene ...