Slushflows are defined as rapid mass movement and occur when water-saturated snow (slush), rapidly moves downslope as a flowlike process. The high-water content of the flow results in high density and mobility flow that poses a significant danger to everything in its path. To predict how slushflows navigates the terrain, numerical modelling is a valuable tool. The output of the simulations would ...

Unstable rock slope failures are catastrophic hazards with a long history in Norway. A large portion of these have been detected within Troms County, with a high percentage of them the Lyngenfjorden fault zone. Stáluvárri, a mountain in Kåfjord commune, is such a slope with detected bodies undergoing slow displacement rates. Bedrock compositions on the slope has abundant mica schists, with a thrust ...

High-latitude electron density irregularities can affect technology such as the Global Navigation Satellite Services (GNSS) by degrading radio signals. These irregularities are not fully understood. In this work we investigate turbulence and intermittency in varying regions of the high- latitude ionosphere using the structure function, empirical flatness and probability density function. Our ...

This thesis investigates the use of optimization techniques to configure a network of short-range transceivers for best coverage of a topographic layer. Three methods are presented, tested, and analysed. The thesis is inspired by the limited range of underwater wireless communication transceivers. The coverage is defined by free "Line of Sight" (LOS) and a 100 meter transceiver range. The terrain ...

The loss of Arctic sea ice (ASI) represents a major transformation in the Arctic region, impacting regional and global climate, ecosystems, and socio-economic structures. Observational and reanalysis data have consistently shown a notable shift in polar environmental conditions over recent decades, marked by a substantial reduction in the ASI area and a rise in the variability in its coverage and ...

The Arctic sea ice (ASI) is expected to decrease with further global warming. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the temperature range that would lead to a completely ice-free Arctic. Here, we combine satellite data and a large suite of models from the latest phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to develop an empirical, observation-based projection of the ...

The southern areas of the North Sea are shallow waters with a depth of roughly 50m, which includes the German section, Dutch section, Danish and the UK sector of the North Sea. The north of the North Sea is much deeper but generally less than 200m, except within the Norwegian Trough/Trench towards the northeast, the only region of deep waters. Significant oil and gas discoveries have been made within ...

In recent years climate change in the polar areas has attracted a lot of attention. Not only for its consequences in polar areas, but also for its possible effects on lower latitudes. A reduced temperature gradient between the polar areas is expected to weaken the mid-latitude jet stream. This weaker jet stream is hypothesised to lead to a reduction in the propagation velocity of atmospheric Rossby ...

The atmosphere of Earth experiences a continuous entry of particles of various sizes originating from several sources. Meteoroids, which are called meteors when entering the atmosphere, are particles that can be measured by radars through scattering off the meteor head plasma which forms around the meteor. These measurements can give information on the processes the meteor undergoes as it travels ...

This thesis explores the mechanisms governing pulsating auroras by combining observational analysis with theoretical simulations using the AURORA model. The AURORA model simulates electron transport and ionospheric responses, playing a key role in replicating the abrupt onset precipitation of electrons from source altitudes at 3RE, 4.4RE, 6.1RE, and 7.6RE. Eight events of pulsating aurora were ...