A series of column leaching experiments were performed to understand the leaching behavior of Co, Fe and Ni in Ballangen mine tailings. Multivariate statistical approaches to evaluate potential risk variations in leachate quality and identifies temperature effects on their leaching behavior. Results from column leaching test indicated that the mobility of showed higher temperature may encourage ...

On the Norwegian Continental Shelf, the western Barents Sea shelf is generally ice-free and proven by recent discoveries as a frontier area for hydrocarbon exploration. During the Cenozoic, most of the areas of the Barents Sea were subjected to significant uplift and erosion, processes that have had important consequences on the petroleum systems.<p> <p>This thesis aimed to investigate the ...

Solar radiation data plays an important role in pre-feasibility studies of solar electricity and/or thermal system installations. Measured solar radiation data is scarcely available due to the high cost of installing and maintaining high quality solar radiation sensors (pyranometers). Indirect measured radiation data received from geostationary satellites is unreliable at latitudes above 60 degrees ...

Ships operating in a cold climate face many challenges. There are several associated risks such as safety concerns, down time, energy consumption and limited resources. Amongst the key challenges, ship ice accretion is significant for cold climate operations. Exposing superstructures to the marine icing phenomenon can affect the ship’s operations, risking the safety of humans and machines. In this ...

Salient segmentation aims to segment out attention-grabbing regions, a critical yet challenging task and the foundation of many high-level computer vision applications. It requires semantic-aware grouping of pixels into salient regions and benefits from the utilization of global multi-scale contexts to achieve good local reasoning. Previous works often address it as two-class segmentation problems ...

<i>Aims</i>: We wish to investigate the energy conversion between particles and electromagnetic fields and determine the location where it occurs in the plasma environment of comets.<p> <p><i>Methods</i>: We used a hybrid plasma model that included photoionization, and we considered two cases of the solar extreme ultraviolet flux. Other parameters corresponded to the conditions of comet ...

Leaching and transport of contaminants from tailings deposit is a highly complex interacting system affected by a suite of environmental factors, among which temperature and precipitation rates linked to climate change are two important parameters. The climate change in the Nordic region is more drastic than other regions. In this study, a laboratory batch leaching experiment was performed on the ...

In this paper, as a novel approach, we learn Markov chain transition probabilities for ranking of multi-attribute data from the inherent structures in the data itself. The procedure is inspired by consensus clustering and exploits a suitable form of the PageRank algorithm. This is very much in the spirit of the original PageRank utilizing the hyperlink structure to learn such probabilities. ...

<i>Context</i>: Cassiopeia A is one of the best-studied supernova remnants. Its bright radio and X-ray emission is due to shocked ejecta. Cas A is rather unique in that the unshocked ejecta can also be studied: through emission in the infrared, the radio-active decay of ⁴⁴Ti, and the low-frequency free-free absorption caused by cold ionised gas, which is the topic of this paper.<p> ...

In the maritime industry, it is of vital importance that personnel onboard ships are familiarized with the ship’s layout, along with safety equipment and processes for safeguarding of the individual seafarer and the ship’s crew. In fact, international maritime regulations require that all personnel employed or engaged on a seagoing ship receive proper familiarization training. However, several studies ...