Permafrost and glaciers in the high Arctic form an impermeable ‘cryospheric cap’ that traps a large reservoir of subsurface methane, preventing it from reaching the atmosphere. Cryospheric vulnerability to climate warming is making releases of this methane possible. On Svalbard, where air temperatures are rising more than two times faster than the average for the Arctic, glaciers are retreating and ...

Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a wide range of remarkable phenomena, many of which owe their existence to the relativistic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects. To understand and predict properties of materials containing heavy elements, such as the transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), relativistic effects must be taken into account in first-principles calculations. We present an all-electron ...

Cold environment supports a large diversity of local climates. Among them, urban climates in northern cities stand out for their pronounced warm temperature anomaly known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI). UHI in northern cities has been already studies through satellite images and in-situ observations in the urban canopy layer (UCL). Yet, the vertical structure of the urban atmospheric boundary layer ...

United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 14 aims to conserve and sustainably use the oceans and their resources for the benefit of people and the planet. This includes protecting marine ecosystems, preventing pollution, and overfishing, and increasing scientific understanding of the oceans. Achieving this goal will help ensure the health and well-being of marine life and the millions of people ...

The Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was a global warming event of 5–6 °C around 56 million years ago caused by input of carbon into the ocean and atmosphere. Hydrothermal venting of greenhouse gases produced in contact aureoles surrounding magmatic intrusions in the North Atlantic Igneous Province have been proposed to play a key role in the PETM carbon-cycle perturbation, but the precise ...

Power spectral density scaling with frequency f as 1/ f ^β and β ≈ 1 is widely found in natural and socioeconomic systems. Consequently, it has been suggested that such self-similar spectra reflect the universal dynamics of complex phenomena. Here, we show that for a superposition of uncorrelated pulses with a power-law distribution of duration times the estimated scaling exponents β¯ ...

Digital automated assessment is a valuable and time-efficient tool for educators to provide immediate and objective feedback to learners. Automated assessment, however, puts high demands on the quality of the questions, alignment with the intended learning outcomes, and the quality of the feedback provided to the learners. We here describe the development and use of a large number (N > 180) of ...

Dramatic supraglacial lake drainage events in Greenland and Antarctica are enabled by rapid hydrofracture propagation through ice over 1 km thick. Here we present a slower mode of hydrofracture, where hairline surface fractures intersect supraglacial streams, and hypothesize that penetration depth is critically limited by water supply and englacial refreezing. We develop a model of stream-fed ...

One of the novel new features of mobile 5G networks is what is commonly known as "Ultra Reliable Low Latency" communication. To achieve the "Low Latency" part, it is necessary to introduce processing and storage capabilities closer to the radio access network, thus introducing Edge data centers. An Edge data center will be capable of hosting third-party applications and a user of these ...

Towing is an important marine operation and floating wind turbines are the new way forward in our ever-expanding need for energy. In offshore floating wind turbine installation process, transport is an important phase. Presently, the turbines are assembled on shore and then towed to the installation spot one at a time. In this thesis, the theory behind the towing operation, modelling and simulation ...