Seafaring is one of the oldest documented human activities, with a rich heritage created by generations of seamen. The first boats were developed several thousand years ago, based on primitive principles, and they were probably not suitable for other than simple purposes. Analyzing the history of boat building shows a gradual change in designs. These design changes were most likely due to improvements, ...

Palynological and sedimentological analyses were performed on the sediment core HH16-1205-GC retrieved from the central Isfjorden, West Spitsbergen. The sequence, which spans the last 7000 years, revealed an overall cooling trend with an important climate shift between 4.4 and 3.8 cal. ka BP, in addition to millennial-scale oscillations. Sea-surface reconstruction from dinocyst assemblages indicates ...

We combine quartz textural analysis with Titanium-in-quartz (TitaniQ) geothermometry to investigate the late stages of deformation in mylonitic rocks from the Sucuru dike swarm in the Borborema Province. The wide range in TitaniQ temperatures (>340 to 740 °C) closely related to grain sizes are attributed to inefficient Ti resetting during bulging (BLG) and subgrain rotation (SGR) recrystallization. ...

The flow of the Atlantic Water (AW) via the Return Atlantic Current (RAC) regulates the oceanographical conditions in the Northwestern (NW) Greenland Sea in the Fram Strait. As the intensity of the RAC might significantly influence both deep-water formation in the area and the stability of the Northeast Greenland Ice Sheet (NE GIS), knowledge of its variability in the past is important. Here we ...

An engineering system can exhibit two- or multi-dimensions in its lifetime. As the classical univariate distribution cannot model this multi-dimensional characteristic, it is necessary to extend it to multivariate distribution in order to capture the multi-dimensional characteristics. This paper proposes a bivariate Weibull distribution that combines two classical Weibull models by a common exponent. ...

Arctic sea ice is diminishing with climate warming at a rate unmatched for at least 1,000 years. As the receding ice pack raises commercial interest in the Arctic, it has become more variable and mobile, which increases safety risks to maritime users. Satellite observations of sea-ice thickness are currently unavailable during the crucial melt period from May to September, when they would be most ...

In this work, I report on the coupling of dinitrogen (N₂) fixation and denitrification in oxygen-deficient waters of the Arctic Ocean during the Paleogene. This coupling fertilized marine phytoplankton growth and favored organic carbon burial. Reduced vertical mixing due to salinity stratification in a tectonically closed oceanic basin created conditions favorable for N₂-fixation ...

Interpretabilty is one of the desired characteristics in various classification task. Rule-based system and fuzzy logic can be used for interpretation in classification. The main drawback of rule-based system is that it may contain large complex rules for classification and sometimes it becomes very difficult in interpretation. Rule reduction is also difficult for various reasons. Removing important ...

The theory of oscillations can be studied from a mathematical point of view in terms of differential equations. The differential equation is written and then the solution or solutions worked out and mathematically analysed. Provided physical, economic, social, or other phenomena can be modelled in terms of equivalent differential equations, the solutions and results are applicable to all phenomena ...

What makes organometallic chemistry sustainable, or at least could make it more sustainable? A practical concept that allows us to set deliverable sustainability goals is Istvan Horváth’s sustainable definition of sustainability: Resources including energy should be used at a rate at which they are replaced naturally and the generation of waste cannot be faster than the rate of their remediation. ...