Institutt for arktisk og marin biologi: Nye registreringer
Viser treff 101-120 av 2046
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Governance for Earth system tipping points – A research agenda
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-06-12)Tipping points in the Earth system could be passed within the Paris Agreement's temperature goal range (1.5°C–2°C). Tipping processes are a feature of complex Earth system dynamics that present major governance challenges not addressed by existing global governance institutions. The common governance toolkit is a poor match for dealing with tipping processes, especially non-linear change, and radical ... -
Feeding ecology of age-0 polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Greenland Sea
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-15)Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) play a crucial role as a key species in Arctic marine ecosystems. The importance of successful feeding of particularly their sensitive early life stages for survival and later recruitment into the adult population is known. This study investigated the diets of age-0 polar cod in the Greenland Sea (Northeast Greenland) during the summer and fall of 2017, focusing on ... -
Singers of the High Arctic; Seasonal acoustic presence of Spitsbergen bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) around Svalbard, Norway
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-15)Marine mammals throughout the circumpolar Arctic are facing profound levels of environmental change due to climate warming. Among them is the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), an Arctic endemic cetacean that spends its entire life in Arctic waters and lives in tight association with sea ice habitats. The Spitsbergen bowhead whale population resides in the Northeast Atlantic, where they were hunted ... -
Foraging Behavior of Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) at the South Orkney Islands (Antarctica) during their Breeding Season
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-14)Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) are central place foragers during their breeding season in the austral summer, which restricts the distance and duration they can forage away from their chicks. Recent studies indicate a regional decline in chinstrap penguin populations across their distribution range. During breeding, they almost exclusively feed on Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a ... -
Efficacy, persistence and residue levels of fungicides for Botrytis control in wild blueberry
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-17)Botrytis blossom blight disease is one of the major challenges to wild blueberry production with annual losses frequently exceeding 20%. In this study, the effect of different fungicide treatments on Botrytis blight development and yield, as well as the mobility and persistence of these fungicides within flower tissues, and fruit of wild blueberries were evaluated under field conditions. This ... -
Bacterioplankton taxa compete for iron along the early spring–summer transition in the Arctic Ocean
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-18)Microbial assemblages under the sea ice of the Dease Strait, Canadian Arctic, were sequenced for metagenomes of a small size fraction (0.2–3 μm). The community from early March was typical for this season, with Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria as the dominant taxa, followed by Thaumarchaeota and Bacteroidetes. Toward summer, Bacteroidetes, and particularly the genus Polaribacter, became increasingly ... -
Mapping Potential Timing of Ice Algal Blooms From Satellite
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-04-17)As Arctic sea ice and its overlying snow cover thin, more light penetrates into the ice and upper ocean, shifting the phenology of algal growth within the bottom of sea ice, with cascading impacts on higher trophic levels of the Arctic marine ecosystem. While field data or autonomous observatories provide direct measurements of the coupled sea ice-algal system, they are limited in space and time. ... -
Path analysis reveals combined winter climate and pollution effects on the survival of a marine top predator
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-06)Marine ecosystems are experiencing growing pressure from multiple threats caused by human activities, with far-reaching consequences for marine food webs. Determining the effects of multiple stressors is complex, in part, as they can affect different aspects of biological organisation (behaviour, individual traits and demographic rates). Determining the combined effects of stressors, through different ... -
The Eurasian Arctic Ocean along the MOSAiC drift in 2019–2020: An interdisciplinary perspective on physical properties and processes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-05)The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC, 2019–2020), a year-long drift with the Arctic sea ice, has provided the scientific community with an unprecedented, multidisciplinary dataset from the Eurasian Arctic Ocean, covering high atmosphere to deep ocean across all seasons. However, the heterogeneity of data and the superposition of spatial and temporal ... -
Panel-based assessment of ecosystem condition as a platform for adaptive and knowledge driven management
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-09-13)Ecosystems are subjected to increasing exposure to multiple anthropogenic drivers. This has led to the development of national and international accounting systems describing the condition of ecosystems, often based on few, highly aggregated indicators. Such accounting systems would benefit from a stronger theoretical and empirical underpinning of ecosystem dynamics. Operational tools for ecosystem ... -
Herbivore diversity effects on Arctic tundra ecosystems: a systematic review
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-25)Background Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the eco‑ system. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better under‑ standing of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for ... -
Changing species dominance patterns of Boreal-Arctic heathlands: evidence of biotic homogenization
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-29)Heathlands are extensive systems often dominated by slow-growing and long-lived woody plants. These systems require longer-term studies to capture if and how they are changing over time. In 2020, we resurveyed species richness and cover of vascular plant communities in 139 heathlands along the coastline of northern Fennoscandia, first surveyed during 1965–1975. The first survey included six ... -
Camera traps reveal seasonal variation in activity and occupancy of the Alpine mountain hare Lepus timidus varronis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-01)Mountain hare is a cold-adapted species threatened by climate change, but despite its emblematic nature, our understanding of the causes of population decline remains limited. Camera traps are increasingly used in ecology as a tool for monitoring animal populations at large spatial and temporal scales. In mountain environments where field work is constrained by difficult access and harsh ... -
Taxonomic and functional-trait metrics track recovery of demersal fish and shrimp communities following system collapse
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-11)Monitoring programs that integrate both structural and functional ecosystem components play integral roles in ecosystem management and conservation planning. In the early 1990’s, the marine ecosystem of the waters surrounding Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) underwent a regime shift. Several demersal and pelagic fish stocks collapsed simultaneously, and this had significant ecological and socioeconomic ... -
Low spatial habitat overlap of herbivores in the High Arctic tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-04)Herbivores play a crucial role in shaping tundra ecosystems through their effects on vegetation, nutrient cycling, and soil abiotic factors. Understanding their habitat use, co-occurrence, and overlap is therefore essential for informing ecosystem-based management and conservation. In the High Arctic, only a marginal proportion of the land area is vegetated, and climate change is impacting ... -
Beneath the Surface: Fungal Community Associated with Brown Alga Saccharina latissima A Molecular Characterization through DNA Extraction, PCR Amplification, Nanopore sequencing and BLAST Analysis
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-15)Fungi can be found in every marine habitat, but our knowledge about their diversity, function, and potential is still limited Studies show that marine fungi play an important role in ecosystems by contributing to nutrient cycling and forming symbiotic relationships with marine organisms. Saccharina latissima, also known as sugar kelp, is a brown algae with a circumpolar distribution in the Northern ... -
Parasite Communities in Artic Blue Mussels - Exploring Spatial and Temporal Dynamics
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-14)Blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) play an important role in intertidal ecosystems along coastlines worldwide. Trematodes, which often parasitize these mollusks, can effectively alter blue mussels’ functional role in intertidal ecosystems. Due to the trematodes complicated life cycles and manifold but hidden effects on the intertidal ecosystems, they are often ignored in marine research, especially in ... -
Parasite communities in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) along their invasion gradient in Norway – a cause for concern?
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-08-09)Globally, non-indigenous species (NIS) are increasing in both number and distribution. Sometimes NIS are intentionally introduced to provide food or financial gain. If NIS are moved to a new environment without their competitors, predators and parasites they may gain an advantage over native species. This is explained by the enemy release hypothesis, which also includes parasites, as NIS might lose ... -
Necropsy findings, meat control pathology and causes of loss in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in northern Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-04)Background Reindeer herding in Norway is based on traditional Sámi pastoralism with the animals free ranging throughout the year. The animals move over large areas in varying terrain and often in challenging weather conditions. Winter crises, such as difficult grazing conditions caused by icing or large amounts of snow, are survival bottlenecks for reindeer. Calves are especially vulnerable, and ... -
Seasonal acoustic presence of marine mammals at the South Orkney Islands, Scotia Sea
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-03)Increased knowledge about marine mammal seasonal distribution and species assemblage from the South Orkney Islands waters is needed for the development of management regulations of the commercial fishery for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in this region. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data were collected during the autumn and winter seasons in two consecutive years (2016, 2017), which ...