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norskArtikler, rapporter og annet (medisinsk biologi): Recent submissions
Now showing items 481-500 of 1105
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Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-26)Screening has revealed that modern-day feeds used in Atlantic salmon aquaculture might contain trace amounts of agricultural pesticides. To reach slaughter size, salmon are produced in open net pens in the sea. Uneaten feed pellets and undigested feces deposited beneath the net pens represent a source of contamination for marine organisms. To examine the impacts of long-term and continuous dietary ... -
Post-test adverse psychological effects and coping mechanisms amongst HIV self-tested individuals living in couples in urban Blantyre, Malawi
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-12)<i>Introduction</i> - Mandatory face-to-face counselling is necessary during HIV testing but difficult to implement within the context of HIV self-testing. We investigated adverse psychological effects and coping mechanisms following HIV-positive and HIV-discordant test results amongst self-tested individuals living in couples in urban Blantyre, Malawi.<p> <p><i>Methods</i> - Qualitative data ... -
Cost-efficient nanoscopy reveals nanoscale architecture of liver cells and platelets
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-09)Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) provides a powerful toolkit to specifically resolve intracellular structures on the nanometer scale, even approaching resolution classically reserved for electron microscopy (EM). Although instruments for SMLM are technically simple to implement, researchers tend to stick to commercial microscopes for SMLM implementations. Here we report the construction ... -
The fight to keep resistance at bay, epidemiology of carbapenemase producing organisms (CPOs), vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Norway, 2006-2017
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-04)<p><i>Introduction - </i>Scandinavian countries have traditionally had a low prevalence of resistant organisms, but have in recent years experienced a change in their epidemiology. We aim to describe the epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) in Norway, measure the importance of infections ... -
Giant group I intron in a mitochondrial genome is removed by RNA back-splicing
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-01)<p><i>Background - </i>The mitochondrial genomes of mushroom corals (Corallimorpharia) are remarkable for harboring two complex group I introns; ND5-717 and COI-884. How these autocatalytic RNA elements interfere with mitochondrial RNA processing is currently not known. Here, we report experimental support for unconventional processing events of ND5-717 containing RNA. <p><i>Results - </i>We obtained ... -
Effect of the Large and Small T-Antigens of Human Polyomaviruses on Signaling Pathways
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-08-12)Viruses are intracellular parasites that require a permissive host cell to express the viral genome and to produce new progeny virus particles. However, not all viral infections are productive and some viruses can induce carcinogenesis. Irrespective of the type of infection (productive or neoplastic), viruses hijack the host cell machinery to permit optimal viral replication or to transform the ... -
In silico site-directed mutagenesis of the Daphnia magna ecdysone receptor identifies critical amino acids for species-specific and inter-species differences in agonist binding
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-06-04)Molting is an essential process in the life cycle of arthropods and is regulated by complex neuroendocrine pathways where activation of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) plays a major role. The EcR forms a non-covalent heterodimer with the ultraspiracle protein (USP) when activated by endogenous ecdysteroids, but can also be activated by several insecticides and other environmental chemicals. Environmental ... -
Culturing periprosthetic tissue in BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture system leads to improved and faster detection of prosthetic joint infections
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-10)<i>Background</i> - Blood culture bottles (BCBs) provide a semiautomated method for culturing periprosthetic tissue specimens. A study evaluating BCBs for culturing clinical samples other than body fluids is needed before implementation into clinical practice. Our objective was to evaluate use of the BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture system for culturing periprosthetic tissue specimens. <p> ... -
Prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy with ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-01)New therapies, including the anti‐cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)‐4 antibody, ipilimumab, is approved for metastatic melanoma. Prognostic biomarkers need to be identified, because the treatment has serious side effects. Serum samples were obtained before and during treatment from 56 patients with metastatic or unresectable malignant melanoma, receiving treatment with ipilimumab in a national ... -
Novel targets for delaying aging: The importance of the liver and advances in drug delivery
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2018-09-21)Age-related changes in liver function have a significant impact on systemic aging and susceptibility to age-related diseases. Nutrient sensing pathways have emerged as important targets for the development of drugs that delay aging and the onset age-related diseases. This supports a central role for the hepatic regulation of metabolism in the association between nutrition and aging. Recently, a role ... -
In Silico Methods for the Discovery of Orthosteric GABAB Receptor Compounds
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-07)The GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor (GABA<sub>B</sub>-R) is a heterodimeric class C G protein-coupled receptor comprised of the GABA<sub>B1a/b</sub> and GABA<sub>B2</sub> subunits. The endogenous orthosteric agonist γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) binds within the extracellular Venus flytrap (VFT) domain of the GABA<sub>B1a/b</sub> subunit. The receptor is associated with numerous neurological and ... -
A Three-dimensional Ex Vivo Viability Assay Reveals a Strong Correlation Between Response to Targeted Inhibitors and Mutation Status in Melanoma Lymph Node Metastases
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-13)Although clinical management of melanoma has changed considerably in recent years, intrinsic treatment resistance remains a severe problem and strategies to design personal treatment regimens are highly warranted. We have applied a three-dimensional (3D) <i>ex vivo</i> drug efficacy assay, exposing disaggregated cells from 38 freshly harvested melanoma lymph node metastases and 21 patient derived ... -
Exploring the overlapping binding sites of ifenprodil and EVT‐101 in GluN2B‐containing NMDA receptors using novel chicken embryo forebrain cultures and molecular modeling
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-30)N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are widely expressed in the brain. GluN2B subunit‐containing NMDARs has recently attracted significant attention as potential pharmacological targets, with emphasis on the functional properties of allosteric antagonists. We used primary cultures from chicken embryo forebrain (E10), expressing native GluN2B‐containing NMDA receptors as a novel model system. ... -
MicroRNA 141 is associated to outcome and aggressive tumor characteristics in prostate cancer
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-01-23)A large number of miRNAs influence key cellular processes involved in prostate tumorigenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated high expression of miRNAs in human prostate cancer (PC) tissues and cell lines. In previous microarray data, we found miR-141 to be upregulated and miR-145 to be downregulated in PC. In this large PC cohort (n = 535), we explored the prognostic role of miR-141 and miR-145 ... -
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-08)Ocean acidification threatens to disrupt interactions between organisms throughout marine ecosystems. The diversity of reef-building organisms decreases as seawater CO2 increases along natural gradients, yet soft-bodied animals, such as sea anemones, are often resilient. We sequenced the polyA-enriched transcriptome of adult sea anemone Anemonia viridis and its dinoflagellate symbiont sampled along ... -
The long noncoding RNA NEAT1 and nuclear paraspeckles are up-regulated by the transcription factor HSF1 in the heat shock response
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-10-10)The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) <i>NEAT1</i> (nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1) is the architectural component of nuclear paraspeckles, and it has recently gained considerable attention as it is abnormally expressed in pathological conditions such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. <i>NEAT1</i> and paraspeckle formation are increased in cells upon exposure to a variety of environmental ... -
Screening for hepatitis C in a general adult population in a low-prevalence area: the Tromsø study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-26)<i>Background - </i>Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease in a substantial proportion of patients. The infection is frequently asymptomatic, leaving many infected individuals unaware of the diagnosis until complications occur. This advocates the screening of healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV ... -
O-GlcNAc Transferase Inhibition Differentially Affects Breast Cancer Subtypes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-04-05)Post-translational modifcation of intracellular proteins with a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar (O-GlcNAcylation) regulates signaling, proliferation, metabolism and protein stability. In breast cancer, expression of the enzyme that catalyzes O-GlcNAcylation – O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT), and the extent of protein O-GlcNAcylation, are upregulated in tumor tissue, and correlate with cancer progression. ... -
Discordance, Disclosure and Normative Gender Roles: Barriers to Couple Testing Within a Community-Level HIV Self-Testing Intervention in Urban Blantyre, Malawi
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-02-06)A community-based HIV self-testing study in Blantyre, Malawi demonstrated that not all individuals living in couples tested with their partner. We describe factors dissuading individuals in couples from self-testing with their partner. Data were drawn from qualitative study exploring consequences of HIV self-testing within couples. In-depth interviews were conducted with 33 individuals living in ... -
Update on prevalence and mechanisms of resistance to linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin in enterococci in Europe: towards a common nomenclature
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-02)Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens. Invasive VRE infections are difficult to treat since common therapeutic options including ampicillin and glycopeptides often fail. In vitro, most VRE remain susceptible to last-resort antibiotics such as linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin. However, neither tigecycline nor linezolid act in a bactericidal manner, and ...
