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norskArtikler, rapporter og annet (arktisk og marin biologi): Recent submissions
Now showing items 581-600 of 1636
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The Arctic Nearshore Turbidity Algorithm (ANTA) - A multi sensor turbidity algorithm for Arctic nearshore environments
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-15)The Arctic is greatly impacted by climate change. The increase in air temperature drives the thawing of permafrost and an increase in coastal erosion and river discharge. This leads to a greater input of sediment and organic matter into coastal waters, which substantially impacts the ecosystems by reducing light transmission through the water column and altering the biogeochemistry, but also the ... -
Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations: applications for population management and marine spatial planning
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021)Tracking data of marine predators are increasingly used in marine spatial management. We developed a spatial data set with estimates of the monthly distribution of 6 pelagic seabird species breeding in the Northeast Atlantic. The data set was based on year-round global location sensor (GLS) tracking data of 2356 adult seabirds from 2006−2019 from a network of seabird colonies, data describing the ... -
Assessing the Value of a Citizen Science Approach for Ctenophore Identification
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-19)During the era of biodiversity loss, a complete species census and understanding where the different species occur is of high priority. Even though this knowledge has increased tremendously, mainly with expanded use of integrated taxonomic identification, there are groups where our knowledge is very limited, both in terms of diversity and distribution. Ctenophores are such a group. Due to a lack of ... -
Long-distance particle transport to the central Ionian Sea
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-14)Together with T –S properties, particle abundance in situ measurements are useful to discriminate water masses and derive circulation patterns. In the upper layers of the Ionian Sea, the fresher Atlantic Waters (AW) recently crossing the Sicily Channel meet the resident and saltier AW, which circulated cyclonically in the eastern basin and modified after evaporation and eventually cooling. In ... -
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Brucella Infection in Camels in the Puntland State of Somalia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-19)Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by members of the genus Brucella. Camel brucellosis has been reported in almost all camel-rearing countries in Africa and Asia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2020 and February 2021 in Galkayo, Garowe, and Bosaso districts in the Puntland State of Somalia to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in ... -
Documenting the absence of bovine brucellosis in dairy cattle herds in the southern region of Malawi and the associated knowledge, attitudes and practices of farmers
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-09)There is paucity of Brucella prevalence data in Malawi. For this reason, a cross-sectional study was conducted, from 06 January 2020 to 27 February 2020, to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle herds amongst smallholder farmers, government and private dairy farms in the southern region. A total of 529 serum samples were screened for anti-Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal ... -
Brucellosis in wildlife in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-03-16)This study aimed to consolidate current knowledge of wildlife brucellosis in Africa and to analyse available predictors of infection. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Information on species, test used, test results, area, rainfall, livestock and wildlife contact and year of study were extracted. This systematic review revealed 42 ... -
Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Zambia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-03)Brucellosis is an infectious zoonosis that has huge economic and public health implications globally. The disease is prevalent in humans, livestock and wildlife in Sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 6 May 2017 and 31 July 2020 during which 1712 sera from 175 cattle herds in five districts from Southern, Western and Eastern Provinces of Zambia were collected and screened ... -
Can bryophyte groups increase functional resolution in tundra ecosystems?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-30)The relative contribution of bryophytes to plant diversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem functioning increases towards colder climates. Bryophytes respond to environmental changes at the species level, but because bryophyte species are relatively difficult to identify, they are often lumped into one functional group. Consequently, bryophyte function remains poorly resolved. Here, we explore ... -
Sea-ice associated carbon flux in Arctic spring
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-13)The Svalbard region faces drastic environmental changes, including sea-ice loss and “Atlantification” of Arctic waters, caused primarily by climate warming. These changes result in shifts in the sea-ice-associated (sympagic) community structure, with consequences for the sympagic food web and carbon cycling. To evaluate the role of sympagic biota as a source, sink, and transmitter of carbon, we ... -
Environmental effects on spatial population dynamics and synchrony – lessons from northern ecosystems
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-13)Environmental variation in time and space generates complex patterns in the spatial structure of temporally covarying populations. Accounting for spatial population structure is important for sustainable management and harvest, but there is a need for a better understanding of the many mechanisms affecting the spatial structure of populations. In the large-scale research project SUSTAIN, detailed ... -
Brucella Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Occupationally Exposed Humans in Selected Districts of Southern Province, Zambia
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-11-17)Background: Brucellosis is a neglected debilitating zoonosis widely recognized as an occupational health hazard. The seroprevalence of human anti-Brucella antibodies in high-risk populations, as well as their risk factors, have not been well-documented in Zambia. This study aimed at estimating the Brucella seroprevalence in herdsmen and abattoir workers and assess the associated risk factors. Methods: ... -
Trait-based responses to cessation of nutrient enrichment in a tundra plant community
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-29)Plant communities worldwide show varied responses to nutrient enrichment—including shifts in species identity, decreased diversity, and changes in functional trait composition—but the factors determining community recovery after the cessation of nutrient addition remain uncertain. We manipulated nutrient levels in a tundra community for 6 years of nutrient addition followed by 8 years of recovery. ... -
Detecting climate signals in populations across life histories
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-20)Climate impacts are not always easily discerned in wild populations as detecting climate change signals in populations is challenged by stochastic noise associated with natural climate variability, variability in biotic and abiotic processes, and observation error in demographic rates. Detection of the impact of climate change on populations requires making a formal distinction between signals in ... -
Demographic consequences of harvesting: a case study from a small and isolated moose population
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-01-13)Harvesting can have a substantial impact on population dynamics and individual performance in wild populations. While the direct consequences of harvest on individual survival and population growth rate are often apparent, harvesting can also have indirect and more subtle demographic consequences. Disentangling these consequences, however, requires in-depth knowledge of individual life histories of ... -
The tundra phenology database: more than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-11)Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection of phenology measurements depicts the responses of ... -
Onset of autumn senescence in High Arctic plants shows similar patterns in natural and experimental snow depth gradients
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-30)Predicted changes in snow cover and temperature raise uncertainties about how the beginning and the end of the growing season will shift for Arctic plants. Snowmelt timing and temperature are known to affect the timing of bud burst, but their effects on autumn senescence are less clear. To address this, researchers have examined senescence under natural and experimental environmental gradients. ... -
The effect of inter- and intraspecific competition on individual and population niche widths: a four-decade study on two interacting salmonids
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-12)Competition is assumed to shape niche widths, affecting species survival and coexistence. Expectedly, high interspecific competition will reduce population niche widths, whereas high intraspecific competition will do the opposite. Here we test in situ how intra- and interspecific competition affects trophic resource use and the individual and population niche widths of two lacustrine fish species, ... -
Quantifying fixed individual heterogeneity in demographic parameters: Performance of correlated random effects for Bernoulli variables
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-24)<ol type="1"> <li>An increasing number of empirical studies aim to quantify individual variation in demographic parameters because these patterns are key for evolutionary and ecological processes. Advanced approaches to estimate individual heterogeneity are now using a multivariate normal distribution with correlated individual random effects to account for the latent correlations among different ... -
Relatedness of type IV pilin PilA amongst geographically diverse Moraxella bovoculi isolated from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-06)Introduction. Moraxella bovoculi is frequently isolated from the eyes of cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; pinkeye). As with M. bovis, which has been causally linked to IBK, M. bovoculi expresses an RTX (repeats in the structural toxin) cytotoxin that is related to M. bovis cytotoxin. Pilin, another pathogenic factor in M. bovis, is required for corneal attachment. Seven ...
