Artikler, rapporter og annet (arktisk og marin biologi): Recent submissions
Now showing items 81-100 of 1607
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Machine learning applied to species occurrence and interactions: the missing link in biodiversity assessment and modelling of Antarctic plankton distribution
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-25)Background Plankton is the essential ecological category that occupies the lower levels of aquatic trophic networks, representing a good indicator of environmental change. However, most studies deal with distribution of single species or taxa and do not take into account the complex of biological interactions of the real world that rule the ecological processes.<p> <p>Results This study focused ... -
Seasonality in phytoplankton communities and production in three Arctic fjords across a climate gradient
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-28)Phytoplankton communities and production in Arctic fjords undergo strong seasonal variations. Phytoplankton blooms are periods with high primary production, leading to elevated algal biomass fueling higher trophic levels. Blooms are typically driven bottom-up by light and nutrient availability but may also be top-down controlled by grazing. While phytoplankton spring blooms are common across all ... -
Tracking gonadal development in fish: An in vivo MRI study on polar cod, Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-07)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to determine the sex of polar cod (Boreogadus saida Lepechin, 1774) (Actinopterygii: Gadidae) and to follow the gonadal development in individual animals over time. Individual unanaesthetised fish were transferred to a measurement chamber inside a preclinical 9.4 T MRI scanner and continuously perfused with aerated seawater. A screening procedure at ... -
Response of the copepod community to interannual differences in sea-ice cover and water masses in the northern Barents Sea
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-27)The reduction of Arctic summer sea ice due to climate change can lead to increased primary production in parts of the Barents Sea if sufficient nutrients are available. Changes in the timing and magnitude of primary production may have cascading consequences for the zooplankton community and ultimately for higher trophic levels. In Arctic food webs, both small and large copepods are commonly present, ... -
Reading tea leaves worldwide: Decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass-loss rate and stabilization
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-07)The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived ... -
The increase of an allelopathic and unpalatable plant undermines reindeer pasture quality and current management in the Norwegian tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-03)Ongoing Arctic greening can increase productivity and reindeer pasture quality in the tundra. However, greening may also entail proliferation of unpalatable species, with consequences for pastoral socialecological systems. Here we show extensive greening across 20 reindeer districts in Norway between 2003 and 2020, which has reduced pasture diversity. The allelopathic, evergreen dwarf-shrub crowberry ... -
Co‑creating coastal sustainability goals and indicators
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-24)Indicators can be powerful tools to measure progress towards achieving societal goals, and many indicators have been developed for sustainability goals nationally and internationally. When indicators are developed solely through top-down approaches without engaging local knowledge, they often fall short of capturing local perceptions and concerns relevant to decision-making. The aim of this project ... -
Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-17)Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon1,2. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5,6,7. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon–climate feedback projections7,8. Here we synthesize ... -
Life starts with plastic: High occurrence of plastic pieces in fledglings of northern fulmars
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-11)Plastic pollution threatens many organisms around the world. In particular, the northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis, is known to ingest high quantities of plastics. Since data are sparse in the Eurasian Arctic, we investigated plastic burdens in the stomachs of fulmar fledglings from Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Fifteen birds were collected and only particles larger than 1 mm were extracted, characterised ... -
Rapid Ice‐Wedge Collapse and Permafrost Carbon Loss Triggered by Increased Snow Depth and Surface Runoff
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-06-16)Thicker snow cover in permafrost areas causes deeper active layers and thaw subsidence, which alter local hydrology and may amplify the loss of soil carbon. However, the potential for changes in snow cover and surface runoff to mobilize permafrost carbon remains poorly quantified. In this study, we show that a snow fence experiment on High‐Arctic Svalbard inadvertently led to surface subsidence ... -
Dechloranes and chlorinated paraffins in sediments and biota of two subarctic lakes
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-16)Our understanding of the environmental behavior, bioaccumulation and concentrations of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and Dechloranes (Dec) in the Arctic environment is still limited, particularly in freshwater ecosystems. In this descriptive study, short chain (SCCPs) and medium chain (MCCPs) CPs, Dechlorane Plus (DP) and analogues, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in sediments, ... -
Bestandskartlegging av kongekrabbe i kvoteregulert område – 2022 - Toktrapport fra tokt med F/F Kristine Bonnevie 05. september – 26. september 2022 (2022624)
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2024-06-05)Havforskningsinstituttet skal gi råd og kunnskapsgrunnlag for kvotefastsetting og regulering av fisket på kongekrabbe til forvaltningsmyndighetene. <p> <p>Hensikten med toktet var å kartlegge bestanden av kongekrabbe i kvoteregulert område i Øst-Finnmark. Toktet inngår i en lang tidsserie som danner grunnlaget for den årlige kvoteanbefalingen og overvåkningen av utviklingen i kongekrabbebestanden. -
The impact of advection on a Subarctic fjord food web dominated by the copepod Calanus finmarchicus
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-04)Fjord and shelf food webs are frequently supplemented by the advection of external biomass, which in high-latitude seas often comes in the form of lipid-rich copepods that can support a wide range of fish species, including Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua). A seasonal match or mismatch at the lower trophic levels (phytoplankton and zooplankton) is central in determining how much energy and biomass ... -
Habitat segregation by sympatric juvenile Arctic charr and brown trout in shallow lake areas: a consequence of interspecifc diferences in predator avoidance?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-05-06)In sympatry, juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) usually occupy the shallow and most productive areas (littoral zone) of lakes, while juveniles of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) are found in deeper, less productive parts. In contrast, when Arctic charr juveniles occur in allopatry, they often occupy shallow littoral areas as well. Habitat segregation has traditionally been interpreted as a trade-of ... -
Is the diet cyclic phase-dependent in boreal vole populations?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-17)Herbivorous rodents in boreal, alpine and arctic ecosystems are renowned for their multi-annual population cycles. Researchers have hypothesised that these cycles may result from herbivore–plant interactions in various ways. For instance, if the biomass of preferred food plants is reduced after a peak phase of a cycle, rodent diets can be expected to become dominated by less preferred food plants, ... -
Synchronous timing of return to breedingsites in a long-distance migratory seabirdwith ocean-scale variation in migrationschedules
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-22)Background Migratory birds generally have tightly scheduled annual cycles, in which delays can have carry-over effects on the timing of later events, ultimately impacting reproductive output. Whether temporal carry-over effects are more pronounced among migrations over larger distances, with tighter schedules, is a largely unexplored question. <p><p>Methods We tracked individual Arctic Skuas ... -
Sluttrapport for prosjekt: "Kartlegging og testing av metoder for å redusere interaksjoner mellom fiskeri og hval" - FHF 901681
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2024-04-03)Spekkhoggere og knølhval i norske farvann følger den pelagiske fiskeflåten og beiter på fisken som blir samlet sammen av nøtene. Disse interaksjonene har ved flere anledninger ført til skade eller død av hval, og fangsttap og ødelagte redskap for fiskerne. Målsetningen i dette prosjektet var å kartlegge og teste utstyr og metoder som kan bidra til å redusere uønskede interaksjoner mellom spekkhoggere ... -
Reindeer in the Arctic reduce sleep need during rumination
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2023-12-22)Timing and quantity of sleep depend on a circadian (ca 24-h) rhythm and a specific sleep requirement. Sleep curtailment results in a homeostatic rebound of more and deeper sleep, the latter reflected in increased electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Circadian rhythms are synchronized by the light-dark cycle but persist under constant ... -
Interannual differences in sea ice regime in the north-western Barents Sea cause major changes in summer pelagic production and export mechanisms
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-22)The Barents Sea is a highly dynamic and productive marine ecosystem and a hotspot of global warming. Variability in sea ice extent is a common feature in the Barents Sea with substantial movements of the sea ice edge on short-term, seasonal to interannual time scales. Historically the northern Barents Sea (north of 75◦N) has been ice-covered in winter, but recently it has become the area with most ... -
Can plastic related chemicals be indicators of plastic ingestion in an Arctic seabird?
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-22)For decades, the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) has been found to ingest and accumulate high loads of plastic due to its feeding ecology and digestive tract morphology. Plastic ingestion can lead to both physical and toxicological effects as ingested plastics can be a pathway for hazardous chemicals into seabirds' tissues. Many of these contaminants are ubiquitous in the environment and the ...