Viser treff 481-500 av 1521

    • The tundra phenology database: more than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change 

      Prevéy, Janet; Elmendorf, Sarah; Cooper, Elisabeth; Bjorkman, Anne; Alatalo, Juha M.; Ashton, Isabel; Björk, Mats P.; Assmann, Jakob J.; Björk, Robert G.; Björkman, Mats P.; Cannone, Nicoletta; Carbognani, Michele; Chisholm, Chelsea; Clark, Karin; Collins, Courtney G.; Elberling, Bo; Frei, Esther R.; Henry, Gregory R.H.; Hollister, Robert D.; Høye, Toke Thomas; Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg Svala; Kerby, Jeffrey T.; Klanderud, Kari; Kopp, Christopher; Levesque, Esther; Mauritz, Marguerite; Molau, Ulf; Myers-smith, Isla H.; Natali, Susan M.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Panchen, Zoe; Petraglia, Alessandro; Post, Eric; Rixen, Christian; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Rumpf, Sabine B.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Schuur, Ted; Semenchuk, Philipp; Smith, Jane Griffin; Suding, Katharine; Totland, Ørjan; Troxler, Tiffany; Wahren, Henrik; Welker, Jeffrey M.; Wipf, Sonja; Yang, Yue (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-11)
      Observations of changes in phenology have provided some of the strongest signals of the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), initiated in the early 1990s, established a common protocol to measure plant phenology in tundra study areas across the globe. Today, this valuable collection of phenology measurements depicts the responses of ...
    • Onset of autumn senescence in High Arctic plants shows similar patterns in natural and experimental snow depth gradients 

      Gehrmann, Friederike; Ziegler, Camille; Cooper, Elisabeth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-30)
      Predicted changes in snow cover and temperature raise uncertainties about how the beginning and the end of the growing season will shift for Arctic plants. Snowmelt timing and temperature are known to affect the timing of bud burst, but their effects on autumn senescence are less clear. To address this, researchers have examined senescence under natural and experimental environmental gradients. ...
    • The effect of inter- and intraspecific competition on individual and population niche widths: a four-decade study on two interacting salmonids 

      Prati, Sebastian; Henriksen, Eirik Haugstvedt; Smalås, Aslak; Knudsen, Rune; Klemetsen, Anders; Sanchez-Hernandez, Javier; Amundsen, Per-Arne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-12)
      Competition is assumed to shape niche widths, affecting species survival and coexistence. Expectedly, high interspecific competition will reduce population niche widths, whereas high intraspecific competition will do the opposite. Here we test in situ how intra- and interspecific competition affects trophic resource use and the individual and population niche widths of two lacustrine fish species, ...
    • Quantifying fixed individual heterogeneity in demographic parameters: Performance of correlated random effects for Bernoulli variables 

      Fay, Rémi; Authier, Matthieu; Hamel, Sandra; Jenouvrier, Stéphanie; van de Pol, Martijn; Cam, Emmanuelle; Gaillard, Jean-Michel; Yoccoz, Nigel G.; Acker, Paul; Allen, Andrew; Aubry, Lise M.; Bonenfant, Christophe; Caswell, Hal; Coste, Christophe; Larue, Benjamin; Le Coeur, Christie; Gamelon, Marlène; Macdonald, Kaitlin R.; Moiron, Maria; Nicol-Harper, Alex; Pelletier, Fanie; Rotella, Jay J.; Teplitsky, Celine; Touzot, Laura; Wells, Caitlin P.; Sæther, Bernt-Erik (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-24)
      <ol type="1"> <li>An increasing number of empirical studies aim to quantify individual variation in demographic parameters because these patterns are key for evolutionary and ecological processes. Advanced approaches to estimate individual heterogeneity are now using a multivariate normal distribution with correlated individual random effects to account for the latent correlations among different ...
    • Relatedness of type IV pilin PilA amongst geographically diverse Moraxella bovoculi isolated from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis 

      Angelos, John A.; Clothier, Kristin A.; Agulto, Regina L.; Mandzyuk, Boguslav; Tryland, Morten (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-01-06)
      Introduction. Moraxella bovoculi is frequently isolated from the eyes of cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; pinkeye). As with M. bovis, which has been causally linked to IBK, M. bovoculi expresses an RTX (repeats in the structural toxin) cytotoxin that is related to M. bovis cytotoxin. Pilin, another pathogenic factor in M. bovis, is required for corneal attachment. Seven ...
    • Genome-Wide Reconstruction of Rediploidization Following Autopolyploidization across One Hundred Million Years of Salmonid Evolution 

      Gundappa, Manu Kumar; To, Thu-Hien; Grønvold, Lars; Martin, Samuel A. M.; Lien, Sigbjørn; Geist, Jürgen; Hazlerigg, David; Sandve, Simen Rød; Macqueen, Daniel J. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-10-28)
      The long-term evolutionary impacts of whole-genome duplication (WGD) are strongly influenced by the ensuing rediploidization process. Following autopolyploidization, rediploidization involves a transition from tetraploid to diploid meiotic pairing, allowing duplicated genes (ohnologs) to diverge genetically and functionally. Our understanding of autopolyploid rediploidization has been informed ...
    • Connections to the Deep: Deep Vertical Migrations, an Important Part of the Life Cycle of Apherusa glacialis, an Arctic Ice-Associated Amphipod 

      Drivdal, Magnus; Kunisch, Erin; Bluhm, Bodil; Gradinger, Rolf; Falk-Petersen, Stig; Berge, Jørgen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-12-15)
      Arctic sea ice contains a substantial amount of living biota of which part is lost through melt and export out of the Arctic Ocean every year. It is unclear how populations can be maintained within the Arctic Ocean. A representative ice inhabitant, the amphipod Apherusa glacialis was previously assumed to spend its entire life in the sea ice habitat, hence being dependent on sea ice to complete ...
    • Tryptophan metabolism is inversely regulated in the tumor and blood of patients with glioblastoma 

      Sharma, Suraj; Heiland, Ines; Panitz, Verena; Koncarevic, Sasa; Sadik, Ahmed; Friedel, Dennis; Bausbacher, Tobias; Trump, Saskia; Farztdinov, Vadim; Schulz, Sandra; Sievers, Philipp; Schmidt, Stefan; Jürgenson, Ina; Jung, Stephan; Kuhn, Karsten; Pflüger, Irada; Wick, Antje; Pfänder, Pauline; Selzer, Stefan; Vollmuth, Philipp; Sahm, Felix; von deimling, Andreas; Hopf, Carsten; Schulz-Knappe, Peter; Pike, Ian; Platten, Michael; Wick, Wolfgang; Opitz, Christiane A. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-03)
      Tryptophan (Trp)-catabolic enzymes (TCEs) produce metabolites that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and promote tumor progression and immunosuppression in glioblastoma. As therapies targeting TCEs or AHR become available, a better understanding of Trp metabolism is required.<p> <P>Methods: The combination of LC-MS/MS with chemical isobaric labeling enabled the simultaneous quantitative ...
    • Habitat determines plant community responses to climate change in the High Arctic 

      Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons; Cooper, Elisabeth (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-12)
      Plant climate responses may depend on site-specific environmental context. Using fences and open-top chambers, we enhanced snow depth (creating Ambient, Medium, and Deep regimes) over an 11-year period and increased temperatures for two summers in dry heath and mesic meadow habitats on Svalbard, Norway. Comparison of plant growth form abundance and diversity responses in these two habitats showed ...
    • Editorial: Towards a Unifying Pan-Arctic Perspective of the Contemporary and Future Arctic Ocean 

      Wassmann, Paul; Krause-Jensen, Dorte; Bluhm, Bodil; Janout, Markus A. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-18)
      An international symposium addressing pan-Arctic perspectives of the marine ecosystems of the Arctic Ocean took place in October 2017 and this editorial introduces the publications that derived from the conference. The symposium focused in particular upon physical forcing and biogeochemical cycling in surface waters of the Arctic Ocean, connectivity between surface and deep waters in the central ...
    • Repellent Effect of Basil (Ocimum spp) on Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) and Potential Use in Crops 

      Yarou, Boni Barthélémy; Bawin, Thomas; Assogba-Komlan, Françoise; Mensah, Armel; Francis, Frédéric (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-30)
      Synthetic insecticides used for aphid control continue to be a threat to humans and the environment. Therefore, in order to reduce these problems, it is important to use less harmful, environmentally friendly agricultural practices. It is with this objective in mind that the choice behaviour of the pea aphid – Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae – towards basil odors (Ocimum basilicum ...
    • Does posture explain the kinematic differences in a grounded running gait between male and female Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) moving on snow? 

      Marmol-Guijarro, Andres; Nudds, Robert; Folkow, Lars; Lees, John; Codd, Jonathan (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-05)
      The majority of locomotor research is conducted on treadmills and few studies attempt to understand the differences between this and animals moving in the wild. For example, animals may adjust their gait kinematics or limb posture, to a more compliant limb, to increase stability of locomotion to prevent limb failure or falling on different substrates. Here, using video recordings, we compared locomotor ...
    • Berettiget kritikk av NMBU sin reindriftsforskning 

      Stien, Audun; Ims, Rolf Anker; Yoccoz, Nigel; Tveraa, Torkild; Stien, Jennifer (Chronicle; Kronikk, 2021-12-21)
      Det er flere elementer i artikkelen til NMBU-forskerne som fremstår som uforenlig med god vitenskapelig praksis.
    • Skogens helsetilstand i Norge. Resultater fra skogskadeovervåkingen i 2020 

      Timmermann, Volkmar; Beachell, Andreas Myki; Brurberg, May Bente; Børja, Isabella; Clarke, Nicholas; Fløistad, Inger; Hietala, Ari Mikko; Hylen, Gro; Jepsen, Jane Uhd; Nordbakken, Jørn-Frode; Pettersson, Martin; Solberg, Sverre; Solheim, Halvor; Talgø, Venche; Vindstad, Ole Petter Laksforsmo; Økland, Bjørn; Aas, Wenche (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2021-10-25)
      Skogens helsetilstand påvirkes i stor grad av klima og værforhold, enten direkte ved tørke, frost og vind, eller indirekte ved at klimaet påvirker omfanget av soppsykdommer og insektangrep. Klimaendringene og den forventede økningen i klimarelaterte skogskader gir store utfordringer for forvaltningen av framtidas skogressurser. Det samme gjør invaderende skadegjørere, både allerede etablerte arter ...
    • Endosymbiotic pathogen-inhibitory gut bacteria in three Indian Major Carps under polyculture system: A step toward making a probiotics consortium 

      Ghosh, Koushik; Mukherjee, Anjan; Dutta, Dipanjan; Banerjee, Sudeshna; Breines, Eva Marie; Hareide, Ellinor; Ringø, Einar (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-10)
      The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome in fish plays significant roles in health and disease resistance. This investigation was accomplished to enumerate, characterize and identify the potential probiotic bacteria from three Indian Major Carps (IMCs), viz., rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) using culture dependent methods. Altogether, 105 pathogen-inhibitory ...
    • Development of a bio-optical model for the Barents Sea to quantitatively link glider and satellite observations 

      Kostakis, I.; Röttgers, R.; Orkney, A.; Bouman, H.A.; Porter, M.; Cottier, Finlo Robert; Berge, Jørgen; Mckee, David (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-08-31)
      A bio-optical model for the Barents Sea is determined from a set of in situ observations of inherent optical properties (IOPs) and associated biogeochemical analyses. The bio-optical model provides a pathway to convert commonly measured parameters from glider-borne sensors (CTD, optical triplet sensor— chlorophyll and CDOM fluorescence, backscattering coefficients) to bulk spectral IOPs ...
    • Decoupling of microbial community dynamics and functions in Arctic peat soil exposed to short term warming 

      Yang, Sizhong; Liebner, Susanne; Svenning, Mette Marianne; Tveit, Alexander (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-08-12)
      Temperature is an important factor governing microbe-mediated carbon feedback from permafrost soils. The link between taxonomic and functional microbial responses to temperature change remains elusive due to the lack of studies assessing both aspects of microbial ecology. Our previous study reported microbial metabolic and trophic shifts in response to short-term temperature increases in Arctic ...
    • Zooplankton and sediment fluxes in two contrasting fjords reveal Atlantification of the Arctic 

      Weydmann-Zwolicka, Agata; Prątnicka, Paula; Łącka, Magdalena; Majaneva, Sanna; Cottier, Finlo Robert; Berge, Jørgen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02-04)
      Svalbard fjords are facing a significant increase in Atlantic water inflow, which influences all ecosystem components, thus the objective of this study was to assess how recent Atlantification impacts the functioning of zooplankton community. For this purpose, two year-round operating sediment traps and associated hydrographic instruments, providing continuous time series of zooplankton and sediment ...
    • Susceptibility of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) to a model carcinogen 

      Lerebours, Adélaïde; Murzina, Svetlana; Song, You; Tollefsen, Knut-Erik; Benedetti, Maura; Regoli, Francesco; Rotchell, Jeanette M.; Nahrgang, Jasmine (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-07-27)
      Studies that aim to characterise the susceptibility of the ecologically relevant and non-model fish polar cod (Boreogadus saida) to model carcinogens are required. Polar cod were exposed under laboratory conditions for six months to control, 0.03 μg BaP/g fish/week and 0.3 μg BaP/g fish/week dietary benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a reference carcinogen. The concentrations of the 3-OH-BaP bile metabolite and ...
    • Variable responses of carbon and nitrogen contents in vegetation and soil to herbivory and warming in high-Arctic tundra 

      Petit Bon, Matteo; Bøhner, Hanna; Bråthen, Kari Anne; Ravolainen, Virve; Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-09-21)
      Chemical responses of tundra vegetation and tundra soil to environmental changes are likely to differ, with implications for ecosystem functioning, yet they are rarely compared. Here, we aimed at comparing sensitivity and magnitude of short-term carbon and nitrogen responses of three main tundra ecosystem compartments: vascular plants, mosses, and soil, to two environmental perturbations: herbivore ...