Now showing items 241-260 of 5427

    • Necropsy findings, meat control pathology and causes of loss in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in northern Norway 

      Mørk, Torill; Eira, Henrik Isaksen; Rødven, Rolf; Nymo, Ingebjørg Helena; Blomstrand, Berit Marie; Guttormsen, Sandra; Olsen, Line; Davidson, Rebecca K. (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-04)
      Background Reindeer herding in Norway is based on traditional Sámi pastoralism with the animals free ranging throughout the year. The animals move over large areas in varying terrain and often in challenging weather conditions. Winter crises, such as difficult grazing conditions caused by icing or large amounts of snow, are survival bottlenecks for reindeer. Calves are especially vulnerable, and ...
    • Seasonal acoustic presence of marine mammals at the South Orkney Islands, Scotia Sea 

      Åsvestad, Linn; Ahonen, Heidi; Menze, Sebastian; Lowther, Andrew; Lindstrøm, Ulf Ove; Krafft, Bjørn Arne (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-03)
      Increased knowledge about marine mammal seasonal distribution and species assemblage from the South Orkney Islands waters is needed for the development of management regulations of the commercial fishery for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in this region. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data were collected during the autumn and winter seasons in two consecutive years (2016, 2017), which ...
    • The influence of smart shopping carts on the healthier food choices of young consumers 

      Fagerstrøm, Asle; Eriksson, Niklas; Sigurdsson, Valdimar; Larsen, Nils Magne; Menon, Vishnu R.G. (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2024-07-26)
      Shopping carts can be designed to accommodate and integrate smart devices seamlessly within a retail setting, allowing for enhanced connectivity and functionality. Moreover, smart devices on a smart shopping cart can provide verbal motivating stimuli to enhance consumers’ purchasing of healthy food. A conjoint experiment was conducted to examine the potential influence of motivating stimuli on smart ...
    • A versatile, semi-automated image analysis workflow for time-lapse camera trap image classification 

      Celis, Gerardo; Ungar, Peter; Sokolov, Aleksandr; Soininen, Eeva M; Böhner, Hanna; Liu, Desheng; Gilg, Olivier; Fufachev, Ivan; Pokrovskaya, Olga; Ims, Rolf Anker; Zhou, Wenbo; Morris, Dan; Ehrich, Dorothee (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-03-26)
      Camera traps are a powerful, practical, and non-invasive method used widely to monitor animal communities and evaluate management actions. However, camera trap arrays can generate thousands to millions of images that require significant time and effort to review. Computer vision has emerged as a tool to accelerate this image review process. We propose a multi-step, semi-automated workflow which ...
    • Ocean tourism: When emotions meet science 

      Bertella, Giovanna (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2024-05-23)
      This chapter delves in the author’s contemplations of ocean tourism, i.e., tourism occurring in marine environments, as a potentially transformative activity capable of fostering a profound respect for the ocean and its inhabitants. Despite our feelings of fascination and interconnectedness with the ocean, many human activities, including tourism, continue to damage the marine ecosystem. However, ...
    • Bacteriophages of the arctic bacterium Staphylococcus borealis - isolation, host range and anti-biofilm effect The evaluation of efficacy, host range and anti-biofilm capacities of bacteriophages infectious to nosocomial staphylococcal strains 

      Sørensen, Arthur Kruse (Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2024-05-13)
      As antibiotic resistance is on the rise in parallel with the stagnation of antibiotic discovery, the world urges for novel antibacterial strategies. Phage therapy has a century-long history of application in former Soviet countries in eastern Europe and has gained attention as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics, with high specificity and low cytotoxicity. This study aimed at isolating ...
    • Measuring market volatility connectedness to media sentiment 

      Abdollahi, Hooman; Fjesme, Sturla Lyngnes; Sirnes, Espen (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-01-29)
      We examine directional connectedness patterns from news and social media to financial market volatility using textual analysis and high-frequency data. We find that media sentiment induces market volatility, but the magnitude of that connectedness is time-varying. In addition, news and social media sentiment pertinent to one market transmits volatility to other markets. Finally, we find that ...
    • Get Out of the BAG! Silos in AI Ethics Education: Unsupervised Topic Modeling Analysis of Global AI Curricula (Extended Abstract) 

      Javed, Rana Tallal; Nasir, Osama; Borit, Melania; Vanhée, Loïs; Zea, Elias; Gupta, Shivam; Vinuesa, Ricardo; Qadir, Junaid (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2023)
      This study explores the topics and trends of teaching AI ethics in higher education, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation as the analysis tool. The analyses included 166 courses from 105 universities around the world. Building on the uncovered patterns, we distil a model of current pedagogical practice, the BAG model (Build, Assess, and Govern), that combines cognitive levels, course content, and ...
    • Ethical By Designer - How to Grow Ethical Designers of Artificial Intelligence (Extended Abstract) 

      Vanhée, Loïs; Borit, Melania (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2023)
      Ethical concerns regarding Artificial Intelligence technology have fueled discussions around the ethics training received by its designers. Training designers for ethical behaviour, understood as habitual application of ethical principles in any situation, can make a significant difference in the practice of research, development, and application of AI systems. Building on interdisciplinary knowledge ...
    • Thirty Years of Sense and Sensibility in Agent-Based Models: A Bibliometric Analysis 

      Vanhée, Loïs; Borit, Melania (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2024-07-21)
      Emotion and cognition are at the core of human behaviour and modelling human behaviour is at the core of social simulation. Using a bibliometric analysis of publications connecting agent-based modelling with cognition (sense), emotion (sensibility), or both, this study describes the evolution of the field, explores trends, and identifies existing gaps, and proposes potential future developments. Our ...
    • Effect of gillnet mesh size on the capture probability and capture patterns in the Asian paddle crab (Charybdis japonica) fishery 

      Yu, Mengjie; Herrmann, Bent; Cerbule, Kristine; Liu, Changdong; Zhang, Liyou; Tang, Yanli (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-02-04)
      In the Asian paddle crab (Charybdis japonica) gillnet fishery in the Yellow Sea, China, the minimum mesh size (MMS) regulation has been of a major importance due to high bycatch rates of undersized crabs. In this study, we evaluated how gillnet mesh size can affect the capture probability of C. japonica and capture patterns in this fishery by comparing the performance of gillnets with four ...
    • Modeling Realistic Human Behavior in Disasters. A Rapid Literature Review of Agent-Based Models Reviews 

      Giardini, Francesca; Borit, Melania; Verhagen, Harko; Wijermans, Nanda (Chapter; Bokkapittel, 2024-07-21)
      Agent-based models of human behaviors in emergencies are extremely important in prevention, preparedness, response and mitigation of crises. However, there is huge variation in the modeling of human cognitions and actions, with varying degrees of realism and even more diverse definitions of how realism should be implemented in the models. The aim of this Rapid Literature Review is to identify existing ...
    • Survey report (Part 2) from the joint Norwegian/Russian Ecosystem Survey in the Barents Sea and the adjacent waters August-October 2023 — Marine environment, Mesozooplankton, Commercial Demersal Fish, Fish Biodiversity, Commercial Shellfish, Benthic Invertebrate Community, Marine Mammals and Seabirds 

      Prozorkevich, Dmitri; Eriksen, Elena; Karlson, Stine; Trofimov, Aleksander; Ingvaldsen, Randi Brunvær; Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar; Prokhorova, Tatiana; Klepikovskiy, Roman; Bagøien, Espen; Johannesen, Edda; Bogstad, Bjarte; Wiedmann, Magnus Aune; Krivosheya, Pavel; Prokopchuk, Irina; Windsland, Kristin; Russkikh, Alexey; Wienerroither, Rupert; Filin, Anatoly; Zimmermann, Fabian; Hjelset, Ann Merete; Danielsen, Hanna Ellerine Helle; Bakanev, sergei; Stesko, Aleksei; Jørgensen, Lis Lindal; Blinova, Daria; Boehm, Frederike; Øien, Nils Inge; Strelkova, Natalia; Kudrayashova, Alexander; Fauchald, Per; Ollus, Victoria Marja Sofia; Ford, Jonathan; Elton, Gary (Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2024)
      The aim of the joint Norwegian/Russian ecosystem survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters, August-October (BESS) is to monitor the status and changes of in the Barents Sea ecosystem. The survey has since 2004 been conducted annually in the autumn, as a collaboration between the IMR in Norway and the Polar Branch of VNIRO (PINRO) in Russia. The general survey plan, tasks, and sailings routes are ...
    • Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra 

      Lacombe, Simon; Ims, Rolf Anker; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Kleiven, Eivind Flittie; Antunes Lopes Da Silva Nicolau, Pedro Guilherme; Ehrich, Dorothee (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-01)
      In the Arctic tundra, predators face recurrent periods of food scarcity and often turn to ungulate carcasses as an alternative food source. As important and localized resource patches, carrion promotes co-occurrence of different individuals, and its use by predators is likely to be affected by interspecific competition. We studied how interspecific competition and resource availability impact ...
    • Secondary production at the Barents Sea polar front in summer: contribution of different size classes of mesozooplankton 

      Gawinski, Christine; Basedow, Sünnje Linnéa; Sundfjord, Arild; Svensen, Camilla (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2024-05-02)
      The Barents Sea polar front is characterized by high primary production following the retreat of the ice edge during spring. However, secondary production estimates of mesozooplankton across the front are scarce, despite being essential for understanding energy flow through the food web. We investigated mesozooplankton community composition and production across the Barents Sea polar front (75°-78°N) ...
    • One mesh does not fit all: A dual compartment codend provides flexible selectivity opportunities to manage mixed fisheries 

      Karlsen, Junita Diana; Krag, Ludvig Ahm; Herrmann, Bent (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2023-11-11)
      Fisheries management is moving from a single-species to an ecosystem-based approach to better balance the technical, biological, and economic aspects of the many mixed-species fisheries in the world. Most mixed fisheries are conducted with trawl gears, which have a hereditary challenge of providing a species and size selectivity that meets the development in management objectives of reducing unwanted ...
    • Phytoplankton bloom distribution and succession driven by sea-ice melt in the Kong Håkon VII Hav 

      Lenss, Megan; Moreau, Sebastien; Hattermann, Tore; Wiktor, Josef; Różańska, Marta; Claeys, Philippe; Brion, Natacha; Chierici, Melissa; Fransson, Agneta; Campbell, Karley Lynn (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-08-02)
      The existence of ice-edge phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean is well described, yet direct observations of the mechanisms of phytoplankton bloom development following seasonal sea-ice melt remain scarce. This study constrains such responses using biological and biogeochemical datasets collected along a coastal-to-offshore transect that bisects the receding sea-ice zone in the Kong Håkon VII ...
    • Impact of aggregate-colonizing copepods on the biological carbon pump in a high-latitude fjord 

      Svensen, Camilla; Iversen, Morten; Norrbin, Maria Fredrika; Möller, Klas Ove; Wiedmann, Ingrid; Skardhamar, Jofrid; Barth-Jensen, Coralie Marie Christine; Kwasniewski, Slawomir; Ormanczyk, Mateusz; Dąbrowska, Anna Maria; Koski, Marja (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-29)
      Zooplankton consumption of sinking aggregates affects the quality and quantity of organic carbon exported to the deep ocean. Increasing laboratory evidence shows that small particle-associated copepods impact the flux attenuation by feeding on sinking particles, but this has not been quantified in situ. We investigated the impact of an abundant particle-colonizing copepod, Microsetella norvegica, ...
    • Why should scientists lead? To underpin policy on marine and polar ecosystems. 

      Misund, Ole Arve (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-05)
      I recount my personal history, beginning as a young fisherman, becoming an academic fisheries biologist, and ultimately a leader of institutions dedicated to marine and polar research, higher education, and advising policymakers. After my dissertation in the early 1990s, I embarked on an active research career at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Bergen, Norway, developing a sonar method to ...
    • Machine learning applied to species occurrence and interactions: the missing link in biodiversity assessment and modelling of Antarctic plankton distribution 

      Grillo, Marco; Schiaparelli, Stefano; Durazzano, Tiziana; Guglielmo, Letterio; Granata, Antonia; Huettmann, Falk (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2024-07-25)
      Background Plankton is the essential ecological category that occupies the lower levels of aquatic trophic networks, representing a good indicator of environmental change. However, most studies deal with distribution of single species or taxa and do not take into account the complex of biological interactions of the real world that rule the ecological processes.<p> <p>Results This study focused ...