Building fine-tuned socially believable autonomous agents interacting with humans in virtual environments is an important aspect of agent design, as humans are influenced more by virtual agents with a high degree of behavioral realism. However, modeling complex psychological processes such as the trust-building between humans and culturallyadaptable agents in a realistic manner is not a trivial task. ...

This paper presents a deterministic bioeconomic model in which the creation of a marine protected area (MPA) is not only a fisheries management tool but also introduced in order to provide tourism amenity benefits. The theoretical model is illustrated with analysis of the Nha Trang Bay (NTB) MPA in Khanh Hoa province in Vietnam, where the anchovy purse seine fishery is considered. An amenity value ...

The general understanding has been that only adaptive immunity is capable of immunological memory, but this concept has been challenged in recent years by studies showing that innate immune systems can mount resistance to reinfection—as the innate immune system can adapt its function following an insult. Innate immune training offers an attractive approach in intensive fish larval rearing, especially ...

The T-box transcription factor T-bet is expressed in a number of hematopoietic cell types in mammals and plays an essential role in the lineage determination of Th1 T-helper cells and is considered as an essential feature for both innate and adaptive immune responses in higher vertebrates. In the present study, we have identified and characterized the full-length Atlantic salmon T-bet cDNA (3502 ...

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is the causative agent of pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon. A previous study showed that vaccination of pre-smolt salmon with a plasmid encoding the structural polypeptide of SAV gave protection against infection and development of PD accompanied by production of antibodies against the virus. In the present work we analyzed transcript responses in the muscle ...

Social norms are mixtures of extralegal and legal principles. The International Court of Justice‟ in The Hague‟s (ICJ) adjudication subtracts normative structures from different sources, moral, ethical, religious etc. dogmas amplifying its case law. The failing Israel-Palestine reconciliation that results from “power asymmetries” and “supreme emergency exception”, illustrates how absence of concomitant ...

We analyze the efforts of an international consortium of academics and activists to understand and address a transnational fisheries conflict in South Asia. The so-called REINCORPFISH project (2010–2016) focused on an asymmetrical conflict between trawler fishers from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu who frequently transgress into Sri Lankan waters and northern Sri Lankan fishers, whose livelihoods ...

The use of poly-(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) particles as carriers for DNA delivery has received considerable attention in mammalian studies. DNA vaccination of fish has been shown to elicit durable transgene expression, but no reports exist on intramuscular administration of PLGA-encapsulated plasmid DNA (pDNA). We injected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) intramuscularly with a plasmid ...

Virussykdommer er en av de største utfordringene innenfor oppdrett av Atlantisk laks (Salmo salar L.) og regnbueørret (Oncorhychus mykiss L.) i Norge i dag, og forårsaker store økonomiske og fiskevelferdsmessige problemer. De senere år har spesielt subtypene SAV3 og SAV2 av virussykdommen PD spredt seg til stadig ny deler av landet, hvor den forårsaker dødelighet både på settefiskanlegg og matfiskanlegg. ...

Two hake species are caught off the coast of Namibia. These are Merluccious capensis and Merluccius paradoxus, and they are not distinguished between in catches . Two fishing fleets harvest hake, these are trawlers and longliners. In this study, the focus has been on the biological and economic characteristics of two different fishing methods. The Pella and Tomlinson surplus production model was ...