Internal and external factors regulating the past composition of plant communities are difficult to identify in palaeo-vegetation records. Here, we develop an index of relative entropy of community assembly, which applies to changes in the composition of a community over time, measuring disorder in its assembly relative to disassembly. Historical periods of relatively ordered assembly (negative ...

Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, ...

14. desember 1911 ble Sydpolen erobret! Da Roald Amundsen og hans mannskap på fire nådde klodens sydligste punkt som de aller første, var det en verdensbegivenhet. <p> <p>Nordmenns beundring for vågemot, styrke og overlevelsesevne gjorde denne ekspedisjonen til en nasjonal stolthet, og den ble viktig for norsk identitetsbygging (Fulsås 2004, 222). Etter at Fridtjof Nansen hadde krysset Grønland ...

In 2010, the first shaman festival to be held in the Nordic countries opened its doors to the public in the county of Lavangen, Northern Norway (Fig. 1). The festival is named Isogaisa and presented as an indigenous festival highlighting the spiritual traditions of indigenous people. At this annual festival, shamans from all over the world gather to perform ceremonies and exchange knowledge.

In 2021, Anatolijs Venovcevs and James Williamson conducted a one-week survey at the mothballed hydroelectric plant and associated community at Twin Falls, Labrador (Venovcevs and Williamson 2022) (Figure 1). The fieldwork provided detailed documentation on the industrial and settlement areas of the site through a UAV survey and surface documentation of visible remains while producing promising ...

Density-dependent feedback is recognized as important regulatory mechanisms of population size. Considering the spatial scales over which such feedback operates has advanced our theoretical understanding of metapopulation dynamics. Yet, metapopulation models are rarely fit to time-series data and tend to omit details of the natural history and behavior of long-lived, highly mobile species such as ...

Lake settlements, particularly crannogs, pose several contradictions—visible yet inaccessible, widespread yet geographically restricted, persistent yet vulnerable. To further our understanding, we developed the integrated use of palaeolimnological (scanning XRF, pollen, spores, diatoms, chironomids, Cladocera, microcharcoal, biogenic silica, SEM-EDS, stable-isotopes) and biomolecular (faecal ...

Most people, and some animals, are familiar with the whip’s properties. As a material object, it is a little thin stick. In the hands of a human, it can inflict fear and pain. Knowledge about pain qualities is deeply embedded in most human cultures. Its bare presence is often enough to scare and raise concerns about abuse. As such, the whip has tremendous powers – human use through thousands of ...

Population size has increasingly been taken as the driver of past human environmental impact worldwide, and particularly in the Arctic. However, sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), pollen and archaeological data show that over the last 12,000 years, paleoeconomy and culture determined human impacts on the terrestrial ecology of Arctic Norway. The large Mortensnes site complex (Ceavccagea ¯dgi, 70◦N) ...

Psoroma femsjonense, long considered to be a synonym of P. hypnorum, is shown here to represent a distinct, misunderstood species. The collections seen are from the lowlands of southern Sweden, Denmark, Germany, the Czech Republic, and France. In these areas, the species has not been collected since 1945 and may prove to be regionally extinct from these countries. However, a report indicates that ...