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dc.contributor.authorBender, Morgan Lizabeth
dc.contributor.authorFrantzen, Marianne
dc.contributor.authorVieweg, Ireen
dc.contributor.authorFalk-Petersen, Inger-Britt
dc.contributor.authorJohnsen, Helge Kreutzer
dc.contributor.authorRudolfsen, Geir
dc.contributor.authorTollefsen, Knut Erik
dc.contributor.authorDubourg, Paul
dc.contributor.authorNahrgang, Jasmine
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-20T07:41:48Z
dc.date.available2016-10-20T07:41:48Z
dc.date.issued2016-10-04
dc.description.abstractIncreasing human activities in the Arctic raise the risk of petroleum pollution, thus posing an elevated risk for Arctic organisms to be chronically exposed to petroleum compounds. The endocrine disrupting properties of some of these compounds (i.e. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) present in crude oil may have negative effects on the long and energy intensive reproductive development of polar cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>), an Arctic keystone species. In the present study, selected reproductive parameters were examined in feral polar cod exposed to crude oil via a natural diet (0.11, 0.57 and 1.14 μg crude oil/g fish/day [corresponding to low, medium and high treatments, respectively]) for 31 weeks prior to spawning. Fish maturing in the current reproductive period made up 92% of the experimental population while 5% were immature and 3% were identified as resting fish. Phase I metabolism of PAHs, indicated by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, showed a dose-dependent increase in high and medium crude oil treatments at week 6 and 22, respectively. Decreasing EROD activity and increasing PAH bile metabolite concentrations over the experimental period may be explained by reproductive maturity stage. Significant alterations in sperm motility were observed in crude oil exposed males compared to the controls. The investigated somatic indices (gonad and hepatic), germ cell development and plasma steroid levels (estradiol-17β [females], testosterone [males and females] and 11-ketotestosterone [males]) were not significantly altered by chronic dietary exposure to crude oil. The environmentally realistic doses polar cod were chronically exposed to in this study were likely not high enough to induce adverse effects in this ecologically important fish species. This study elucidated many baseline aspects of polar cod reproductive physiology and emphasized the influence of maturation state on biomarkers of PAH biotransformation (EROD and PAH bile metabolites). <br><b>Highlights</b><br> • Polar cod were exposed dietarily to crude oil for 7 months during reproductive development. <br>• Biomarkers of PAH exposure may have been influenced by reproductive stage.<br>• Sperm velocity decreased with exposure to dietary crude oil. <br>• Gonadal development and plasma steroid levels were unaffected by dietary crude oil.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was financed by the Norwegian Research Council (projects nr 214184 and 195160).en_US
dc.identifier.citationAquatic Toxicology 180 (2016), 196–208en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1391180
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.005
dc.identifier.issn0166-445X
dc.identifier.issn1879-1514
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/9857
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.ispartofBender, M.L. (2020). Polar Cod in a Changing Arctic. Toxicity of crude oil on sensitive life history stages of a key Arctic species. (Doctoral thesis). <a href=https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18289>https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18289</a>.
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.005
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Fiskehelse: 923en_US
dc.subjectReproductive developmenten_US
dc.subjectGonadal histologyen_US
dc.subjectSex steroid hormonesen_US
dc.subjectSperm motilityen_US
dc.subjectPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)en_US
dc.subjectPolar cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>)en_US
dc.titleEffects of chronic dietary petroleum exposure on reproductive development in polar cod (Boreogadus saida)en_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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