The developmental transition of juvenile salmon from a freshwater resident morph (parr) to a seawater (SW) migratory morph (smolt), known as smoltification, entails a reorganization of gill function to cope with the altered water environment. Recently, we used RNAseq to characterize the breadth of transcriptional change which takes place in the gill in the FW phase of smoltification. This highlighted ...

In Schwartz and Sprouse’s keynote “The Full Transfer/Full Access model and L3 cognitive states” (henceforth S&S), the authors discuss the concept of Full Transfer from their own work on L2 acquisition in the 1990s in relation to new developments in L3/Ln acquisition. They claim that Full Transfer must be understood as Wholesale Transfer (WT) and argue against what they refer to as Piecemeal Transfer ...

Quartzite samples of high purity with a grain size of ~200 μm have been experimentally deformed by coaxial shortening in a solid medium apparatus at 900 °C and at confining pressures ranging from 0.6 to 2 GPa. Most samples have been shortened by ~30% with 0.1 wt% added H₂O. The samples deformed dominantly by crystal plasticity (dislocation creep), and there is a systematic decrease of ...

Although rats are known to emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), it remains unclear whether these calls serve an auditory communication purpose. For USVs to be part of communication, the vocal signals will need to be a transfer of information between two or more conspecifics, and with the possibility to induce changes in the behavior of the recipient. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate ...

A number of important questions concern processes at the margins of ice sheets where multiple components of the Earth system, most crucially ice sheets and oceans, interact. Such processes include thermodynamic interaction at the ice–ocean interface, the impact of meltwater on ice shelf cavity circulation, the impact of basal melting of ice shelves on grounded ice dynamics and ocean controls on ...

Career choice can be seen as a complex decision-making process. Individual interests and goals, subjective assessment of abilities, as well as external requirements and circumstances play important roles. The PE teacher profession is often seen as a fun profession, without special requirements or burdens – an opportunity to turn a hobby into a profession. PE teacher candidates are confronted with ...

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a vital role in bacterial pathogenesis. However, to date, the small RNA-cargo of EVs released by the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has not been characterized. Here, we shed light on the association of small RNAs with EVs secreted by S. aureus MSSA476 cultured in iron-depleted bacteriologic media supplemented with a subinhibitory dosage of ...

FoU-veiledning er en veiledningssituasjon i norsk grunnskolelærerutdanning (GLU) som er viet liten oppmerksomhet i forskning. Formålet med studien er å få innsikt i samhandlingen der studenter, praksislærer og universitetslærer deltar i triadisk FoU-veiledning. Det er økende behov for triadisk samhandling i norsk lærerutdanning, og FoU-veiledning har potensial til å imøtekomme dette. Veiledningssamtaler ...

Rising atmospheric carbon concentrations affect global health, the economy, and overall quality of life. We are fast approaching climate tipping points that must be addressed, not only by reducing emissions but also through new innovation and action toward carbon capture for sequestration and utilization (CCSU). In this perspective, we delineate next-generation biotechnologies for CCSU supported by ...

Norway has always been a multilingual society; Sámi languages have been spoken in vast geographical areas since prehistoric times, the Kven and other historical minority groups settled in the country, the Norwegian language has a great variety of dialects and the long coastline has eased mobility and enabled multiple multilingual encounters lasting short or long periods of time. In recent years, ...