The mucus layer covering all mucosal surfaces in our body is the first barrier encountered by drugs before their potential absorption through epithelial tissues, and could thus affect the drugs’ permeability and their effectiveness. Therefore, it is of key importance to have in vitro permeability models that can mimic this specific environment. For this purpose, the novel mucus phospholipid vesicle-based ...

High-resolution 4D (HR4D) seismic data have the potential for improving the current state-of-the-art in detecting shallow (≤500−1000  m below seafloor) subsurface changes on a very fine scale (approximately 3–6 m). Time-lapse seismic investigations commonly use conventional broadband seismic data, considered low to moderate resolution in our context. We have developed the first comprehensive time ...

The aim of this article is to increase the understanding of the participation barriers Sami people with disabilities experience in encounters with the Norwegian welfare system. According to the Sami Act of 1987, § 3–5, the Sami in Norway have a legal right to receive equitable health and social services adapted to the Sami language and culture. The focus of this article is the experiences of disabled ...

<p><i>Background</i>: Whether physical activity influences the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains controversial, potentially because of methodological challenges, such as regression dilution bias.</p> <p><i>Objectives</i>: To investigate whether physical activity was associated with VTE risk, and explore the role of body mass index (BMI) as a mediator in a population‐based ...

This study focused on two important issues on the Barents Sea bottom trawl fishery for Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L.); catch quality (i.e., the quality of the fish caught) and size selectivity. The high abundance of cod encountered in recent years in the Barents Sea, leading to subsequent large annual quotas, has led to increased interest in improving the quality of fish caught by trawls. ...

<p><i>Bakgrunn</i>: Sykepleiere er den største gruppen helsepersonell i den kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenesten. Det forventes at de allerede som nyutdannede har kompetanse i sykepleiefaglig ledelse for å kunne organisere og lede pasientarbeidet. Sykepleierutdanningen i samarbeid med praksisfeltet har ansvaret for å utvikle teoretisk og praktisk kunnskap slik at sykepleiere får handlingskompetanse ...

<p><i>Objective</i>: Physical inactivity is a major public health problem associated with an increased risk of several psychiatric and physical conditions. This study investigated the association between leisure time physical activity (PA) and incident use of prescription tranquilizers in a regionally representative and prospective cohort.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: A total of 4043 men and women (mean ...

<p><i>Introduction</i>: Increasing populations and an increasing incidence of mental health problems challenge many developing countries, including Ghana. Long distances, financial limitations, lack of mental health personnel, and pessimism about the effectiveness of treatment, make it difficult for people to access help. In 2011, only 0.3% of Ghana’s 25 million population received psychiatric ...

While most early childhood education and care (ECEC) programs taken to scale in the United States have served socially disadvantaged 3- to 5-years-olds, Norway scaled up universal ECEC from age 1. We investigated the consequences of Norway’s universal ECEC scale-up for children’s early language skills, exploiting variation in ECEC coverage across birth cohorts and municipalities in a population-based ...

<p><I>Background</I>: The aim of this study was to assess the associations between child maltreatment (CM), psychopathological symptoms, and onset of diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism (i.e., low metabolism), and chronic bronchitis/emphysema/COPD in adulthood.</p> <p><I>Methods</I>: The present analysis used cross-sectional data collected in 2007–2008 within the Tromsø Study, Norway (N = 12,981). ...