This article focuses on studying the current literature about railway operations in icing conditions, identifying icing effects on railway infrastructure, rolling stock, and operations, and summarizing the existing solutions for addressing these issues. Even though various studies have been conducted in the past on the impact of winter, climate change, and low temperatures on railway operations, not ...

The task is to produce a suitable option for those who go mountain hiking and want the thrill to ride down the hills. The product should be lightweight and foldable, and easy to bring along for a bus ride or other types of public transportation. The final product is a downhill scooter, where the neck is foldable. The deck of the scooter is a sandwich structure where the core is made of aluminum 5052 ...

The present work attempts to evaluate the performance of an automotive diesel engine run on waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO) blend at variable engine speeds. The composition of the blend (B40) used in the study is 40% WCO and 60% diesel by volume and the engine used for the experimentation is a naturally aspirated, watercooled and direct injection type having a compression ratio of 18:1. The ...

ERK3 and ERK4 define a distinct and understudied subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Little is known about the physiological roles of these atypical MAPKs and their association with human diseases. Interestingly, accumulating evidence points towards a role for ERK3 and ERK4 signaling in the initiation and progression of various types of cancer. Notably, a recent study reported ...

Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as organochlorines (OCs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is associated with adverse health effects in wildlife. Many POPs have been banned and consequently their environmental concentrations have declined. To assess both temporal trends of POPs and their detrimental impacts, raptors are extensively used as biomonitors due to their ...

Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation actions is challenging for migratory species because a population can be impacted anywhere along its route. Conservation actions for the critically endangered Fennoscandian lesser white-fronted goose population include culling of red foxes in the breeding area and habitat improvements and reduction of illegal hunting in the non-breeding areas. One goal ...

Within the higher education sector, the principle of student-active and researchbased education are established in strategy documents and action plans, but at the same time there is an ongoing debate about what is meant by research-based learning and how it can be applied in practical teaching contexts. The aim of this empirical study is to explore inclusion of research elements in higher education. ...

Knowledge of tumor immunology and immune escape mechanisms was the basis for developing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for cancer therapy. These target and block checkpoint molecules commonly implicated in tumor immune escape by overexpression, such as PD-1, its ligand, PD-L1 or CTLA-4. Use of ICIs has been approved mostly for treatment of advanced disease, some without any requirement ...

Denne oppgaven omhandler det å være en fotballdommer med søkelys på selve managementet av de menneskene som er med på kampene i form av spillere, ledere, meddommere og annet støtteapparat. Hovedpoenget vil være å se på hvordan dommere selv oppfatter sin egen rolle og hvordan regeladministrasjon og kampledelse er en del av dette. Ved å svare på spørsmålene: (i) hvordan forstår dommere sin egen rolle, ...