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dc.contributor.authorLukic, Marko
dc.contributor.authorLicaj, Idlir
dc.contributor.authorLund, Eiliv
dc.contributor.authorSkeie, Guri
dc.contributor.authorWeiderpass, Elisabete
dc.contributor.authorBraaten, Tonje
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-11T08:30:36Z
dc.date.available2017-03-11T08:30:36Z
dc.date.issued2016-03-24
dc.description.abstractAn association between coffee consumption and cancer has long been investigated. Coffee consumption among Norwegian women is high, thus this is a favorable population in which to study the impact of coffee on cancer incidence. Information on coffee consumption was collected from 91,767 women at baseline in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. These information were applied until follow-up information on coffee consumption, collected 6–8 years after baseline, became available. Multiple imputation was performed as a method for dealing with missing data. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for breast, colorectal, lung, and ovarian cancer, as well as cancer at any site. We observed a 17 % reduced risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 0.83, 95 % CI 0.70–0.98, ptrend across categories of consumption = 0.10) and a 9 % reduced risk of cancer at any site (HR = 0.91, 95 % CI 0.86–0.97, ptrend = 0.03) in women who drank more than 3 and up to 7 cups/day, compared to women who drank ≤1 cup/day. A significantly increased risk of lung cancer was observed with a heavy coffee consumption (>7 vs. ≤1 cup/day HR = 2.01, 95 % CI 1.47–2.75, ptrend < 0.001). This was most likely caused by residual confounding due to smoking, as no statistically significant association was observed in never smokers (>5 vs. ≤1 cup/day HR = 1.42, 95 % CI 0.44–4.57, ptrend = 0.30). No significant association was found between coffee consumption and the risk of breast or ovarian cancer. In this study, coffee consumption was associated with a modest reduced risk of cancer at any site. Residual confounding due to smoking may have contributed to the positive association between high coffee consumption and the risk of lung cancer.en_US
dc.descriptionSubmitted manuscript version. Published version in <i>European Journal of Epidemiology, 31</i>(9), 905-916, available at <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0142-x>http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0142-x.</a>en_US
dc.identifier.citationLukic, M., Licaj, I., Lund, E., Skeie, G., Weiderpass, E. & Braathen, T. (2016). <i>European Journal of Epidemiology, 31</i>(9), 905-916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0142-xen_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1349472
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10654-016-0142-x
dc.identifier.issn0393-2990
dc.identifier.issn1573-7284
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/10565
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofThe published version of this article is part of Lukic, M. (2018). Coffee and cancer. Doctoral thesis. <a href=http://hdl.handle.net/10037/14112>http://hdl.handle.net/10037/14112. </a>
dc.relation.journalEuropean Journal of Epidemiology
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Onkologi: 762en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750::Oncology: 762en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Epidemiology medical and dental statistics: 803en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Epidemiology medical and dental statistics: 803en_US
dc.titleCoffee consumption and the risk of cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) studyen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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