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dc.contributor.authorTartu, Sabrina
dc.contributor.authorBourgeon, Sophie
dc.contributor.authorAars, Jon
dc.contributor.authorAndersen, Magnus
dc.contributor.authorLone, Karen
dc.contributor.authorJenssen, Bjørn Munro
dc.contributor.authorPolder, Anuschka
dc.contributor.authorThiemann, Gregory W.
dc.contributor.authorTorget, Vidar
dc.contributor.authorWelker, Jeffrey Martin
dc.contributor.authorRoutti, Heli Anna Irmeli
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-06T14:05:56Z
dc.date.available2018-03-06T14:05:56Z
dc.date.issued2017-06-03
dc.description.abstractPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected in organisms worldwide, including Polar Regions. The polar bear (Ursus maritimus), the top predator of Arctic marine ecosystems, accumulates high concentrations of PFASs, which may be harmful to their health. The aim of this study was to investigate which factors (habitat quality, season, year, diet, metabolic state [i.e. feeding/fasting], breeding status and age) predict PFAS concentrations in female polar bears captured on Svalbard (Norway). We analysed two perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs: PFHxS and PFOS) and C<sub>8</sub>-C<sub>13</sub> perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) in 112 plasma samples obtained in April and September 2012–2013. Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (δ<sup>15</sup>N, δ<sup>13</sup>C) in red blood cells and plasma, and fatty acid profiles in adipose tissue were used as proxies for diet. We determined habitat quality based on movement patterns, capture position and resource selection functions, which are models that predict the probability of use of a resource unit. Plasma urea to creatinine ratios were used as proxies for metabolic state (i.e. feeding or fasting state). Results were obtained from a conditional model averaging of 42 general linear mixed models. Diet was the most important predictor of PFAS concentrations. PFAS concentrations were positively related to trophic level and marine diet input. High PFAS concentrations in females feeding on the eastern part of Svalbard, where the habitat quality was higher than on the western coast, were likely related to diet and possibly to abiotic factors. Concentrations of PFSAs and C<sub>8</sub>-C<sub>10</sub> PFCAs were higher in fasting than in feeding polar bears and PFOS was higher in females with cubs of the year than in solitary females. Our findings suggest that female polar bears that are exposed to the highest levels of PFAS are those 1) feeding on high trophic level sea ice-associated prey, 2) fasting and 3) with small cubs.en_US
dc.descriptionAccepted manuscript version. Published version available in <a href=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.100> Environmental Pollution 2017, 229 :146-158. </a>en_US
dc.identifier.citationTartu, S., Bourgeon, S., Aars, J., Andersen, M., Lone, K., Jenssen, B. M. ... Routti H. A. I. (2017). Diet and metabolic state are the main factors determining concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in female polar bears from Svalbard. Environmental Pollution. 229:146-158.en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1475296
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.100
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.issn1873-6424
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/12270
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.journalEnvironmental Pollution
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/RCN/POLARPROG/216568/NORWAY/Synergistic effects of sea ice-free periods and contaminant exposure on energy metabolism in polar bears//en_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økotoksikologi: 489en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecotoxicology: 489en_US
dc.subjectUrsus maritimusen_US
dc.subjectPFASen_US
dc.subjectBreeding statusen_US
dc.subjectHabitat qualityen_US
dc.subjectFasting Stable isotopeen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Zoofysiologi og komparativ fysiologi: 483en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Zoophysiology and comparative physiology: 483en_US
dc.titleDiet and metabolic state are the main factors determining concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in female polar bears from Svalbarden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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