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dc.contributor.authorEguiraun, Harkaitz
dc.contributor.authorCasquero, Oskar
dc.contributor.authorSørensen, Asgeir Johan
dc.contributor.authorMartinez, Iciar
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-06T08:13:26Z
dc.date.available2018-07-06T08:13:26Z
dc.date.issued2018-05-08
dc.description.abstractThe present study aims at identifying the lowest number of fish (European seabass) that could be used for monitoring and/or experimental purposes in small-scale fish facilities by quantifying the effect that the number of individuals has on the Shannon entropy (SE) of the trajectory followed by the shoal’s centroid. Two different experiments were performed: (i) one starting with 50 fish and decreasing to 25, 13, and 1 fish, and (ii) a second experiment starting with one fish, adding one new fish per day during 5 days, ending up with five fish in the tank. The fish were recorded for 1h daily, during which time a stochastic event (a hit in the tank) was introduced. The SE values were calculated from the images corresponding to three arbitrary basal (shoaling) periods of 3.5 min prior to the event, and to the 3.5 min period immediately after the event (schooling response). Taking both experiments together, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the SE among measurements was largest for one fish systems (CV 37.12 and 17.94% for the daily average basal and response SE, respectively) and decreased concomitantly with the number of fish (CV 8.6–10% for the basal SE of 2 to 5 fish systems and 5.86, 2.69, and 2.31% for the basal SE of 13, 25, and 50 fish, respectively). The SE of the systems kept a power relationship with the number of fish (basal: R2 = 0.93 and response: R2 = 0.92). Thus, 5–13 individuals should be the lowest number for a compromise between acceptable variability (<10%) in the data and reduction in the number of fish. We believe this to be the first scientific work made to estimate the minimum number of individuals to be used in subsequent experimental (including behavioral) studies using shoaling fish species that reaches a compromise between the reduction in number demanded by animal welfare guidelines and a low variability in the fish system’s response.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Basque Government Eusko Jaurlaritzaen_US
dc.descriptionSource at <a href=https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00493> https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00493</a>.en_US
dc.identifier.citationEguiraun, H., Casquero, O., Sørensen, A.J. & Martinez, I. (2018). Reducing the number of individuals to monitor shoaling fish systems – Application of the Shannon entropy to construct a biological warning system model. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00493.en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1592873
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2018.00493
dc.identifier.issn1664-042X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/13168
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dc.relation.journalFrontiers in Physiology
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.subjectfish monitoringen_US
dc.subjectbiological warning systemsen_US
dc.subjectfish welfareen_US
dc.subjectthe 3Rsen_US
dc.subjectShannon entropyen_US
dc.subjectnon-linear signal processingen_US
dc.subjectnon-invasive monitoringen_US
dc.subjectintelligent aquacultureen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900::Fisheries science: 920en_US
dc.titleReducing the number of individuals to monitor shoaling fish systems – Application of the Shannon entropy to construct a biological warning system modelen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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