Porosities in dental restorative materials indicated for class-V cavities – a micro-computed tomography based analysis.

Abstract

Abstract Background: Class-V fillings are thought as a demanding type of dental restorations having a sufficient risk of falling out and discoloration during follow-up. Porosity, among other factors, is described in the literature as an undesirable property of dental materials contributing to the development of secondary caries and reduction of the filling strength. Objectivities: To evaluate a percentage amount of porosity in 5 restorative materials indicated to Class-V fillings. Material and methods: fifteen humans extracted wisdom teeth were sectioned into 4 parts and prepared standard class-V cavities restored with five different restorative materials (GC Fuji IX GP® EXTRA Japan, GC Fuji II LC® Japan, Ceram.x® Dentsply Sirona Germany, Tetric EvoFlow Ivoclar Vivadent Lichtenstein, SDR® flow+Bulk Densply Sirona Germany). The porosity of Class-V restorations was tested using micro-computed tomography (SkyScan 1272 Bruker, Germany). The detected porosities were calculated and analyzed as a percentage value of total, closed and open porosity. The ANOVA on ranks test with Turkey post-hoc test was done to compare the differences in the median values among materials. A t-test or a Mann-Whitney Rank sum test were performed after a Shapiro-Wilk normality test to compare total, open and closed porosities within material groups. The results: Significant difference was detected in each group when comparing glass-ionomers (Fuji Extra, Fuji IX) with resin-based composites (Ceram X, Tetric EvoFlow, SDR) in respect to total and closed porosity. When assessing open porosity, the significant difference was found between Fuji Extra and resin-based composites (Ceram X, Tetric EvoFlow, SDR) as well as between Fuji LC and Tetric EvoFlow. Conclusion: This project reveals that in spite of the distinctive amount of porosity detected for each type of material, the significant difference is presented only between the representatives of the group of glass ionomer and composite.