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dc.contributor.authorKudo, Gaku
dc.contributor.authorCooper, Elisabeth J.
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-23T11:42:23Z
dc.date.available2020-01-23T11:42:23Z
dc.date.issued2019-06-12
dc.description.abstractThe flowering phenology of early-blooming plants is largely determined by snowmelt timing in high-latitude and high-altitude ecosystems. When the synchrony of flowering and pollinator emergence is disturbed by climate change, seed production may be restricted due to insufficient pollination success. We revealed the mechanism of phenological mismatch between a spring ephemeral (<i>Corydalis ambigua</i>) and its pollinator (overwintered bumblebees), and its impact on plant reproduction, based on 19 years of monitoring and a snow removal experiment in a cool-temperate forest in northern Japan. Early snowmelt increased the risk of phenological mismatch under natural conditions. Seed production was limited by pollination success over the 3 years of the pollination experiment and decreased when flowering occurred prior to bee emergence. Similar trends were detected on modification of flowering phenology through snow removal. Following snowmelt, the length of the pre-flowering period strongly depended on the ambient surface temperature, ranging from 4 days (at greater than 7°C) to 26 days (at 2.5°C). Flowering onset was explained with an accumulated surface degree-day model. Bumblebees emerged when soil temperature reached 6°C, which was predictable by an accumulated soil degree-day model, although foraging activity after emergence might depend on air temperature. These results indicate that phenological mismatch tends to occur when snow melts early but subsequent soil warming progresses slowly. Thus, modification of the snowmelt regime could be a major driver disturbing spring phenology in northern ecosystems.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKudo G, Cooper E.J.. When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators: Mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2019;286(1904)en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1715643
dc.identifier.doi10.1098/rspb.2019.0573
dc.identifier.issn0962-8452
dc.identifier.issn1471-2954
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/17199
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherThe Royal Societyen_US
dc.relation.journalProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences
dc.relation.projectIDAndre: JSPS KAKENHI (15H02641, 17K07551)en_US
dc.relation.projectIDUiT Norges arktiske universitet: mobility granten_US
dc.relation.projectIDUiT Norges arktiske universitet: MOBILITY GRANTen_US
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2019 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480en_US
dc.titleWhen spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators: Mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproductionen_US
dc.type.versionacceptedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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