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dc.contributor.authorEvjen, Bjørg
dc.contributor.authorLehtola, Veli-Pekka
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-16T05:55:58Z
dc.date.available2020-04-16T05:55:58Z
dc.date.issued2019-05-09
dc.description.abstractThe article studies the Sámi experiences during the ‘German era’ in Norway and Finland, 1940–1944, before the Lapland War. The Germans ruled as occupiers in Norway, but had no jurisdiction over the civilians in Finland, their brothers-in-arms. In general, however, encounters between the local people and the Germans appear to have been cordial in both countries. Concerning the role of racial ideology, it seems that the Norwegian Nazis had more negative opinions of the Sámi than the occupiers, while in Finland the racial issues were not discussed. The German forces demonstrated respect for the reindeer herders as communicators of important knowledge concerning survival in the Arctic. The herders also possessed valuable meat reserves. Contrary to this, other Sámi groups, such as the Sea Sámi in Norway, were ignored by the Germans, resulting in a forceful exploitation of sea fishing. Through the North Sámi concept birget (coping with), we analyse how the Sámi both resisted and adapted to the situation. The cross-border area of Norway and Sweden is described in the article as an exceptional arena for transnational reindeer herding, but also for the resistance movement between an occupied and a neutral state.en_US
dc.descriptionThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Scandinavian Journal of History on 09 May 2019, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/<a href=https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774>https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774</a>en_US
dc.identifier.citationEvjen B, Lehtola V. Mo birget soadis (how to cope with war): Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finland . Scandinavian Journal of History. 2019en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1802511
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2019.1607774
dc.identifier.issn0346-8755
dc.identifier.issn1502-7716
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/18042
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen_US
dc.relation.journalScandinavian Journal of History
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2019 the Historical Associations of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Swedenen_US
dc.subjectVDP::Humanities: 000::History: 070en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Humaniora: 000::Historie: 070en_US
dc.titleMo birget soadis (how to cope with war) - Adaptation and resistance in Sámi relations to Germans in wartime Sápmi, Norway and Finlanden_US
dc.type.versionacceptedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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