Blar i tittel Mastergradsoppgaver i biologi (Helsefak)
Viser treff 13-32 av 76
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Determinants of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection: Characterization of interaction between serine-aspartate containing protein D and human Siglec11 and Siglec16
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2021-10-15)<p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen responsible for a range of infections that can lead to fatal invasive diseases such as pneumonia or osteomyelitis. Approximately 30% of the healthy adult population are persistently colonized by <i>S. aureus</i> strains in their anterior nares. The molecular mechanism underlying <i>S. aureus</i> colonization and infection ... -
Development of an assay for determining PDE5 enzyme activity and for screening of potential inhibitors of the PDE5 enzyme in cancer cells
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2013-05-15)PDE5 is a member of the superfamily of phosphodiesterases, and it is identified as the main mechanism for breakdown of cGMP in mammals. Sildenafil is a well-known inhibitor of the PDE5 enzyme and it is also shown that sildenafil inhibits the ABCC5 transporter pump. ABCC5 is a member of the superfamily of ABC-transporters, and identified as an important transporter for mediating the cellular efflux ... -
Development of new tissue culture protocols for enrichment of CD4 T cells associated with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2010-11-15)Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is most commonly caused by destruction of foetal platelets by maternal antibodies reactive to human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a. The activation of antigen-primed B cells to differentiate to antibody-secreting plasma cells usually requires help from CD4 T cells. The strong association between anti-HPA-1a-production and the MHC allele HLA-DRB3*0101 supports ... -
Directed evolution of Escherichia coli LacZ gene to create diversity in glycosidic bonds hydrolysis
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2011-05-16)Starting with LacZ of Escherichia coli, coding for β-galactosidase, the aim of the thesis project is to apply in vitro directed evolution techniques to help create other glycosidic bond hydrolysis activities. This was done using the main β-galactosidase backbone with limited amino acid sequence change. Any altered glycosyl hydrolase activity would lead to changed substrate specificity. Moreover, ... -
Downstream gene expression of wild type p53 tumor suppressor gene versus mutated and null p53
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2006-11)P53 is a key tumor suppressor and transcription factor protecting us from cancer. The wild type p53 protein functions as a regulatory protein, triggering a variety of cellular responses to different signals. Activation of p53 can lead to cell division arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. More than 60% of all human cancers contain p53 mutations. P53 is also reported in many studies to play a role in the ... -
“EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON THE IMMUNOREGULATORY FUNCTIONS EXERTED BY TUMOUR FIBROBLASTS ON MACROPHAGES”
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-11-19)Summary Background/aim of the study: Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represents a heterogeneous population of cells and are considered one of the dominant stromal component of solid tumours, performing a crucial role in tumour proliferation and metastasis. The main objective of this study was to investigate the immunoregulatory features of CAFs isolated from non-small cell lung carcinomas ... -
The effect of oral uptake of nicotine on skin blood perfusion of the face and hands in snus users as determined by thermography.
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-05-15)In recent years the number of people using cigarettes in Norway has significantly declined, with intake of nicotine being replaced by smokeless tobacco (ST) products such as snus placed in the oral cavity. While health risks from smoking cigarettes are well known little is known about health risks of using ST. The main aim of this thesis was to compare the effects of oral use of snus with nicotine ... -
The effect of sub-lethal concentration of ciprofloxacin on the transfer of multidrug resistance plasmids, fitness costs on the host and the stability of the newly acquired plasmids
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2014-09-30)The increase in reported cases of antimicrobial resistance has raised a lot of concerns in the public health community. This has prompted efforts aimed at finding out factors that have been contributing to this situation. In Gram-negative bacteria plasmids have been singled out as the most important vehicles behind the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Some plasmids can harbour several resistance ... -
Effect of viral early proteins, mutations and IL-17F on the transcriptional activity of the Merkel cell polyomavirus promoter in different cell lines
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2016-05-23)Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is common in the human population with a seropositivity of approximately 60%. The virus is chronically shed from healthy skin, but the genuine host cell remains unknown and a permissive cell culture system is lacking. The viral genome is in an episomal state in cells where MCPyV has been found. The virus is not harmful in healthy individuals, but it is involved in ... -
Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide administration on cardiac function and reactive oxygen species production : a study in hearts from normal rats and rats with heart hypertrophy or ischemia
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2011-09)Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Infarct size can be limited by interventions used after the ischemic event like the use of thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Paradoxically, however, the return of blood flow can also result in additional cardiac damage and complications, referred to as reperfusion injury. It has been shown that reperfusion ... -
Establishment of an advanced flow cytometry protocol for analyzing immune cell subsets from lung cancer patients
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2022-08-22)Lymphocytes are known for their role in tumor promotion and tumor suppression. T cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment has been linked to a better prognosis and outcome in various malignancies. CD8+ T cells can eliminate cancer cells by causing them to lyse, while CD4+ T cells can be both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing. However, the prognostic impact of functional lymphocyte subtypes ... -
Et eksperimentelt studium av kreftceller fra livmorhals - Strålesensitivitet, effektutvikling og cGMP nivåer
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-06)I denne oppgaven ble kreftceller fra livmorhals bestrålt med gammastråler. Strålingens effekt på celletetthet, celledød og cellesyklus ble undersøkt for å si noe om disse cellenes strålesensitivitet. Den ekstracellulære konsentrasjonen av cGMP ble også målt. Dette sykliske nukleotidet har relevans fordi det har vist seg at nivået av cGMP går ned etter behandling hos pasienter med livmorhalskreft. -
Evaluation of the performance of two prediction models, the IrisPlex and the novel EC12 model, for eye colour predictions in a Norwegian population.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-06-12)Biological material obtained from a crime scene is used to generate DNA-profile by typing short tandem repeat (STR) markers. However, if the STR-profile do not match the DNA profile of suspects or from a crime DNA database, the investigation can go towards typing markers that can estimate externally visible characteristics (EVCs). EVCs can function as a “biological witness” and thus aid a police ... -
Exploration of rabbit integrin β3 as a possible immune-tolerizing agent to prevent foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2020-08-07)Foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a disease caused by the production of antibodies by the mother to the platelets of the foetus. The alloimmune response is caused by a P33L substitution in the Human Platelet Antigen-1a (HPA-1a) in a homo- or heterozygous HPA-1a foetus, in a homozygous HPA-1b+ mother. Maternal antibodies are produced by activated HPA-1a specific T-cells able ... -
Exploring the in vitro expansion of CD4 T cells. For improved culturing of CD4 T cells linked to FNAIT
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-05-15)Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a rare disease that may cause serious bleedings in the fetus or neonate of a woman who has developed antibodies against the fetus’ platelets. Development of FNAIT has been linked to the presence of platelet reactive CD4 T cells that help B cells to develop into antibody producing plasma cells. To be able to conduct research on such T cells, ... -
Expression and characterization of recombinant murine integrin β3 modified to express the human platelet antigen-1a epitope
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2017-05-14)Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a condition where the mother produces alloantibodies against fetal platelets during pregnancy most commonly due to an incompatibility in the human platelet antigen (HPA)-1 system; a single amino acid polymorphism located on integrin β3 with two common variants, HPA-1a and HPA-1b. Antibody responses against HPA-1a can be formed in women who ... -
Forensic DNA genotyping by means of next generation sequencing. Analysis of Autosomal STRs of a Norwegian population sample using the ForenSeq FGx system
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2018-05-15)Population databases containing allele frequencies of the genetic markers used for DNA-profiling are necessary for forensic geneticist to be able to perform statistical calculations on the statistical weight of DNA-evidence. However, allele frequencies differ from population to population, it is therefore important to establish population databases for specific graphical areas or population groups. ... -
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Diversity of genetic causes of HBOC in a Norwegian breast and ovarian cancer patient cohort, BRCA2 c.8331+2C>T - a Norwegian founder mutation
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2017-05-14)Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) causes 5-10 % of breast cancer cases and 25 % of ovarian cancer cases. About 24 % of HBOC are caused by deleterious variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Currently, more than 25 different genes have been associated with HBOC, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, many of which encode proteins participating in homologous recombination repair (HRR) and mismatch repair (MMR). ... -
High Palmitate Alters Glutathione Redox During Severe Oxidant Stress in the Heart; An Evaluation of Altered Glutathione Redox Environment on Cardiac Function and Mitochondrial Energetics.
(Mastergradsoppgave; Master thesis, 2021-05-18)When the heart is under stress, e.g. ischemia-reperfusion (IR), it produces an enormous amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione, which is an endogenous antioxidant derived from the ‘nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen’ (NADH) of the ‘tricarboxylic acid’ cycle, can fight against this oxidative stress to balance the redox environment, and convert the produced ROS to H2O. In this ... -
Human articular chondrocytes express Chemerin receptor, ChemR23, which conveys inflammatory signalling
(Master thesis; Mastergradsoppgave, 2008-12-17)Common features of arthritis include destruction of extracellular matrices in cartilage and bone as a result of chronic inflammation. Cartilage deterioration is generally described as a result from the effect of immune cells and their inflammatory mediators. However, recent reports suggest a role of chondrocytes in the initiation of inflammation in joints, and that they play a pivotal role in the ...