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dc.contributor.authorKari, Raheleh
dc.contributor.authorSteinert, Ralf Martin
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-28T09:30:23Z
dc.date.available2021-06-28T09:30:23Z
dc.date.issued2021-04-05
dc.description.abstractThe idea of remote controlling ships for operational and commercial uses has developed beyond concepts. Controlling and monitoring vessels from a distant location requires updating the concept and requirements of shore control centers (SCCs), where human operators control the fleet via cameras, GPS, and many other types of sensors. While remote ship operation promises to reduce operational and maintenance costs, while increasing loading capacity and safety, it also brings significant uncertainty related to both the human-machine and human-human interactions which will affect operations. Achieving safe, reliable, and efficient remote ship operations requires consideration of both technological, cultural, social and human factor aspects of the system. Indeed, operators will act as captain and crew remotely, from the SCC, introducing new types of hardware and software interactions. This paper provides an overview of human factor issues that may affect human-machine and human-human interactions in the course of remote ship operations. In doing so, the literature related to remote operations in the domains of shipping, aerial vehicles, cranes, train transportation, automobiles, and mining is reviewed. Findings revealed that human factor issues are likely to fall into 13 distinct groups based on the type of human interactions that take place in SCCs.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKari, Steinert. Human Factor Issues in Remote Ship Operations: Lesson Learned by Studying Different Domains. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1918048
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jmse9040385
dc.identifier.issn2077-1312
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/21572
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.journalJournal of Marine Science and Engineering
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Technology: 500::Marine technology: 580en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Teknologi: 500::Marin teknologi: 580en_US
dc.titleHuman Factor Issues in Remote Ship Operations: Lesson Learned by Studying Different Domainsen_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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