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dc.contributor.authorHanstock, Helen
dc.contributor.authorStenfors, Nikolai
dc.contributor.authorAndersson, Erik
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-03T12:21:17Z
dc.date.available2021-12-03T12:21:17Z
dc.date.issued2021-03-29
dc.description.abstractPurpose - Heat-and-moisture-exchanging devices (HME) are commonly used by endurance athletes during training in sub-zero environments, but their effects on performance are unknown. We investigated the influence of HME usage on running performance at − 15 °C.<p> <p>Methods - Twenty-three healthy adults (15 male, 8 female; age 18–53 years; V˙O<sub>2peak</sub> men 56 ± 7, women 50 ± 4 mL·kg<sup>−1</sup>·min<sup>−1</sup>) performed two treadmill exercise tests with and without a mask-style HME in a randomised, crossover design. Participants performed a 30-min submaximal warm-up (SUB), followed by a 4-min maximal, self-paced running time-trial (TT). Heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (<i>f</i><sub>R</sub>), and thoracic area skin temperature (<i>T</i><sub>sk</sub>) were monitored using a chest-strap device; muscle oxygenation (SmO<sub>2</sub>) and deoxyhaemoglobin concentration ([HHb]) were derived from near-infra-red-spectroscopy sensors on m. vastus lateralis; blood lactate was measured 2 min before and after the TT.<p> <p>Results - HME usage reduced distance covered in the TT by 1.4%, despite similar perceived exertion, HR, fR, and lactate accumulation. The magnitude of the negative effect of the HME on performance was positively associated with body mass (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.22). SmO2 and [HHb] were 3.1% lower and 0.35 arb. unit higher, respectively, during the TT with HME, and <i>T</i><sub>sk</sub> was 0.66 °C higher during the HME TT in men. HR (+ 2.7 beats·min<sup>−1</sup>) and <i>T</i><sub>sk</sub> (+ 0.34 °C) were higher during SUB with HME. In the male participants, SmO<sub>2</sub> was 3.8% lower and [HHb] 0.42 arb. unit higher during SUB with HME. Conclusion Our findings suggest that HME usage impairs maximal running performance and increases the physiological demands of submaximal exercise.en_US
dc.identifier.citationHanstock, Stenfors, Andersson. A heat and moisture-exchanging mask impairs self-paced maximal running performance in a sub-zero environment. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2021en_US
dc.identifier.cristinIDFRIDAID 1927789
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00421-021-04666-9
dc.identifier.issn1439-6319
dc.identifier.issn1439-6327
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10037/23256
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.relation.journalEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology
dc.rights.accessRightsopenAccessen_US
dc.rights.holderCopyright 2021 The Author(s)en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Sports medicine: 850en_US
dc.subjectVDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Idrettsmedisinske fag: 850en_US
dc.titleA heat and moisture-exchanging mask impairs self-paced maximal running performance in a sub-zero environmenten_US
dc.type.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typeTidsskriftartikkelen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US


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